maghsoud Amiri; mohsen shafiei nikabadi; Armin Jabbarzadeh
Abstract
In recent years, the complexity of the environment, the intense competition of organizations, the pressure of governments on producers to manage waste products, environmental pressures and most importantly, the benefits of recycling products have added to the importance of designing a closed loop supply ...
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In recent years, the complexity of the environment, the intense competition of organizations, the pressure of governments on producers to manage waste products, environmental pressures and most importantly, the benefits of recycling products have added to the importance of designing a closed loop supply chain network. Also, the existence of inherent uncertainties in the input parameters is another important factor that the lack of attention them can affect the strategic, tactical and operational decisions of organizations. Given these reasons, this research aims to design a multi-product and multi period closed loop supply chain network model in uncertainty conditions. To this aim, first a mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed to minimize supply chain costs. Then, for coping with hybrid uncertain parameters effectively, randomness and epistemic uncertainty, a novel robust stochastic-possibilistic programming (RSPP) approach is proposed. Furthermore, several varieties of RSPP models are developed and their differences, weaknesses, strengths and the most suitable conditions for being used are discussed. Finally, usefulness and applicability of the RSPP model are tested via the real case study in an edible oil industry.
S.M. Aarabi; G. Yaghobi
Volume 1, Issue 3 , January 2003, , Pages 97-123
Abstract
Stages of Strategic Management:
The Strategic Management Process Consists Of Three Stages: Strategy Formulation Strategy Implementation & Strategy Evaluation.
In This Research Indicate Just Strategy Formulation ...
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Stages of Strategic Management:
The Strategic Management Process Consists Of Three Stages: Strategy Formulation Strategy Implementation & Strategy Evaluation.
In This Research Indicate Just Strategy Formulation For Rubber & Tire Industry Tn IRAN TIRE Factory . Srtategy Formulation Includes Developing a Business Mission, Identify Organizations External Opportunities & threats , Determining Determining Internal Strengths & Weeknesses , Establishing Long - Term Objectives, Generating Alternative Srtategies & Choosing Particular Strategies To Pursue . This Research Includes 4 Stages
I-ZERO STAGE:
Establishing Mission & Long - Term Objectives.
2 - THE INPUT STAGE:
The External Assessment (Economic Factories, Social Factories, Political Factories . Technological Factories & Competitive) and then Developing External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE ) . The Internal Assessment (Management , Marketing, Finance, Research & Development, Production, Computer Information System, Human Resource) and then Developing Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix ( IFE ) .
3-THE MATCHING STAGE:
Developing The Threats - Opportunities - Weaknesses - Strengths ( TOWS) Matrix & Constructing The Internal - External ( IE) Matrix.
4 - THE DECISION STAGE:
Developing The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) At The End, Choose The Best Strategy For IRAN TIRE. Implementation All Stages, With CO-Working Delphi Grope & With Brainstorming Method.
Conclusion: Defensive Strategies are suitable for this factory.
S. M. A'arabi; P. Shoarian
Volume 4, Issue 12 , March 2006, , Pages 97-134
Abstract
A Hype Cycle is a graphic representation of the maturity, adoption and business application of specific technologies. Hype Cycles also show how and when technologies move beyond the hype, offer practical benefits and become widely accepted.
In other words, the hype cycle is one tool for technology assessment. ...
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A Hype Cycle is a graphic representation of the maturity, adoption and business application of specific technologies. Hype Cycles also show how and when technologies move beyond the hype, offer practical benefits and become widely accepted.
In other words, the hype cycle is one tool for technology assessment. It captures the observation of the technologies, no matter how different they are; generally follow a certain pattern with respect to hype and time over enthusiasm, followed by disillusionment, and a gradual improvement in the technology that potentially leads to maturity. The periods of over enthusiasm and disillusionment typically originate from unrealistic expectations and are reinforced by media effects.
In this article, we have introduced different dimensions of Hype Cycle and its applications, and have compared main adoption indicators of Hype Cycle between Iran and USA. Moreover, we have shown that, this tool can be used from investors, who want to invest in High-Tech Industries.
Laya Olfat; Maghsod Amiri; Ahmad Jafarian
Abstract
Cross-docking is one of the lean logistics tools that is used for uniting the shipments during the loops replacement. Cross-docking is the process of product movement form distribution centers without storage function. Vehicle routing problem in Cross-Dock external environment has much influence on cross-dock ...
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Cross-docking is one of the lean logistics tools that is used for uniting the shipments during the loops replacement. Cross-docking is the process of product movement form distribution centers without storage function. Vehicle routing problem in Cross-Dock external environment has much influence on cross-dock costs. This paper provides a model for minimizing total distance traveled by vehicles in the external environment of a cross-dock. In this paper, Vehicles routes was modeled with capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) and genetic algorithm (GA) was used to solve the model. To validate responses obtained by GA, simulated annealing (SA) was used. Also, to evaluate the efficacy of two algorithms (SA & GA) in different CVRP problems in cross-dock, 10 problems with different dimensions are evaluated. The results show that in problems with smaller size GA is more efficient, whereas in large size problems SA is more efficient
modeling and simulation
Salman Abbasi Siar; Mohammad Ali Keramati; MohammadReza Motadel
Abstract
Because of the dissemination of impulse buying behavior in consumers its academic studies have increased over the last decade. Because in large stores, sales have to be increased, the behavior of consumers in impulse buying to be taken into account by the researchers and managers of the stores. The purpose ...
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Because of the dissemination of impulse buying behavior in consumers its academic studies have increased over the last decade. Because in large stores, sales have to be increased, the behavior of consumers in impulse buying to be taken into account by the researchers and managers of the stores. The purpose of this paper is agent–based simulation impulse buying behavior consumer (customers) considering the discount, the optimal time of customer presence in stores from the point of view the store managers and learning from previous buying. The population and the statistical sample of the present study include 15 academic professors who are expert in impulse buying and marketing topics. The present study is executive in terms of purpose. It is mathematical in terms of data type and modeling method. This model examines the existing reality of consumer buying behavior to develop impulse buying models in the agent-based simulation environment by Netlogo software. After reviewing the theoretical foundations and research background 5 dimensions and seventeen indicators have been identified by fuzzy screening method. The results showed that the factors considered in this study describe the impulse buying behavior of consumers as an economic analysis based on consumer relations and customer-product relationship. This achievement by simulating customer behavior at the time of purchase strives to provide valuable information for managers shareholders and store decision makers.
Alireza Rashidi Komijan; Amin Gordani
Abstract
The problem of Airline planning has totally been divided into four sub-problems.These problems include Flight Scheduling, Fleet Assignment, Aircraft Routing, Maintenance, and Crew Scheduling. In this research, firstly, we defined basic concepts and common terminology about Airline Planning then early ...
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The problem of Airline planning has totally been divided into four sub-problems.These problems include Flight Scheduling, Fleet Assignment, Aircraft Routing, Maintenance, and Crew Scheduling. In this research, firstly, we defined basic concepts and common terminology about Airline Planning then early models and previous researchers were presenting investigated articles. Moreover, by identifying existing research gaps, an Integrated Mathematical model presented for Aircraft Routing and Crew Scheduling for Airlines with Multi Fleet and Multi Maintenance hub with considering the rules of the Airlines. The main purpose of the proposed model is to determine the flight chains for each aircraft and crew assignments to all aircrafts with the attention to the airlines rules and regulations for aircrafts and crew. In the integrated models by previous researcher in this field, usually the type of fleet is considered the same while in the model presented in this research, the type of fleet is considered different. Other innovations of this research consider several maintenance units for an airline. In addition, the minimizations of deadheading flights for crew and aircraft that can impose heavy costs to the airline is presented as a part of the objective function in the model presented. Finally, the problem has been solved into small dimensions by GAMS software and in order to solve it in the larger dimensions a meta-heuristic method is being used, such as genetics algorithm. At the end, we have presented the results, which came from meta-heuristic Algorithm and GAMS Software.
Roozbeh . Azizmohammadi; Maghsoud .Amiri; Reza Tavakkoli- Moghadam; Hamid Reza. Mashatzadegan
Volume 14, Issue 42 , October 2016, , Pages 103-121
Abstract
A redundancy allocation problem is a well-known NP-hard problem thatinvolves the selection of elements and redundancy levels to maximize thesystem reliability under various system-level constraints. In many practicaldesign situations, reliability apportionment is complicated because of thepresence of ...
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A redundancy allocation problem is a well-known NP-hard problem thatinvolves the selection of elements and redundancy levels to maximize thesystem reliability under various system-level constraints. In many practicaldesign situations, reliability apportionment is complicated because of thepresence of several conflicting objectives that cannot be combined into asingle-objective function. A stele communications, manufacturing and powersystems are becoming more and more complex, while requiring shortdevelopments schedules and very high reliability, it is becoming increasinglyimportant to develop efficient solutions to the RAP. In this paper, a newhybrid multi-objective competition algorithm (HMOCA)based oncompetitive algorithm (CA) and genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed for thefirst time in multi-objective redundancy allocation problems. In the multiobjectiveformulation, the system reliability is maximized while the cost andvolume of the system are minimized simultaneously. Additionally, ay RSMis employed to tune the CA parameters. The proposed HMOCA is validatedby some examples with analytical solutions. It shows its superiorperformance compared to a NSGA-II and PAES algorithms. Finally, theconclusion is given
Farzaneh Adabi; Javad Behnamian
Abstract
The production routing problem (PRP) integrates vehicle routing and production planning problems. Generally, in PRPs, the impact of competitors has not been considered. Clearly, in the real world, it is no longer possible to have a monopoly market. In competitive environment, customers choose a supplier ...
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The production routing problem (PRP) integrates vehicle routing and production planning problems. Generally, in PRPs, the impact of competitors has not been considered. Clearly, in the real world, it is no longer possible to have a monopoly market. In competitive environment, customers choose a supplier based on price and quality. So in this article as a definition of quality, providing quick access to customer needs and availability are determined as the requirements of a competitive environment. Therefore, the production routing problem has been modeled with knowing the earliest and latest time of competitor demand meeting. In this way, In case of delay in supplying customers demand, the market share is lost relative to the amount of delay. The problem is modeled and it has been solved by the GAMS software. Since particle swarm optimization has been successfully applied to a variety of problems, here, to solve the problem for the large-sized instances a particle swarm optimization algorithm is also presented. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, the results with small-sized instances were compared with solutions of GAMS.
Peiman Ghasemi; Kaveh Khalili Damghani; Ashkan Hafezalkotob; Sadigh Raissi
Abstract
In this paper, decisions about different phases of crisis management cycle are modeled in the form of an integrated mathematical programming model based on the assumption of the real situation of the crisis. Goals are minimizing the number of injured people who are not serviced and minimizing the cost ...
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In this paper, decisions about different phases of crisis management cycle are modeled in the form of an integrated mathematical programming model based on the assumption of the real situation of the crisis. Goals are minimizing the number of injured people who are not serviced and minimizing the cost of relief supplies in affected areas. Simultaneous optimization of locating problems of relief bases, allocation of resources, distribution and delivery of relief supplies and evacuation of injured (pre and post-crisis situations) are among the innovations of this research. Therefore, scenarios based on existing faults (four faults) in region one of city of Tehran are considered. In this study, first, we present a binary integer programming model. To validate the model, the Epsilon Constraint method in software environment of GAMS with the CPLEX solver has been used to solve the problem in small scale. To solve the problem in large scale, we have investigated a case study using the data of relief bases in region one of Tehran city. The case study was also investigated using non-dominant sorting Genetic approach. The results of the research show that the non-dominant sorting Genetic approach can solve the model with the least error than the exact solution and in less time.
Safar Fazli; Zahra Amin Afshar
Abstract
The purpose of this study is investigating the effect of supply chain drivers on Qazvin manufacturing companies’ supply chain integration and company performance. The organizational culture has been used as a moderating factor in this relation. The study has 6 hypotheses in which data are gathered ...
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The purpose of this study is investigating the effect of supply chain drivers on Qazvin manufacturing companies’ supply chain integration and company performance. The organizational culture has been used as a moderating factor in this relation. The study has 6 hypotheses in which data are gathered with questionnaire form 79 supply chain managers, as required sample, using structural equation model with the partial least square analyzed. The findings revealed that internal drivers have positive impact on supply chain integration. Also none of the dimensions of external drivers have positive impact on integration. As the results show, organizational culture mediates the relation between external drivers and supply chain integration, but does not mediate the relation between internal drivers and integration. Eventually, supply chain integration has a positive and significant impact on company financial and operational performance. The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding to supply chain managers and lead them to identify effective factors on supply chain integration and improving company performance
mm mmm
Abstract
Land and housing economy have a large proportion of the whole economy and play an important role in the cultural, economic and social community. In all parts of the world, land and houses make a large share of its assets and the proper management of these resources can help country’s economy grow. ...
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Land and housing economy have a large proportion of the whole economy and play an important role in the cultural, economic and social community. In all parts of the world, land and houses make a large share of its assets and the proper management of these resources can help country’s economy grow. The housing sector in Iran has faced many problems. Low purchasing power of costumers, price bubble especially in big cities, intense cycles in supply and demand and less on the market for mortgage or rent, more supply than demand and many unfinished projects are examples of problems in the field. In this paper, after explaining the current problems, causal loop diagram and then stock-flow model is presented. After validation of the model, the proposed policies are presented based on model structure and relationships. Presented policies reduce the severity of future cycles and improve equilibrium between supply and demand sectors and help linear and continuous presence of the buyer.
peiman ghasemi; Kaveh Khalili; Farshid Abdi
Abstract
Today, vital infrastructure of security systems, are at risk of deliberate attacks and to provide the necessary preparations and an appropriate response to the attacks, strengthening the vital infrastructure is considered. In this paper, a special type of strengthening the vital infrastructure is discussed ...
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Today, vital infrastructure of security systems, are at risk of deliberate attacks and to provide the necessary preparations and an appropriate response to the attacks, strengthening the vital infrastructure is considered. In this paper, a special type of strengthening the vital infrastructure is discussed that in which before they are constructed, there would be planning about strengthening them. The case is formulated as a two-level planning that in high level, the defender is looking for minimizing the total cost, considering which facilities are built, and each facility, in terms of pre-attack, services which costumer and in terms of post-attack, how many defenders assigned to each facility. While at a low level, (the attacker) is looking for imposing the maximum cost to the system considering which facility and at what level of severity, is attacked. To resolve the case, a meta-heuristic ways based on simulated annealing method suggested and by solving an example and compare its results with the results of the exact solution, the effectiveness of the method has been tested.
Hamidreza Fallah Lajimi; Sara Majidi
Abstract
Supplier segmentation is considered one of the key activities in supplier relationship management for companies with multiple suppliers, which can serve as a competitive advantage. Supplier segmentation has garnered significant attention from researchers in recent decades. The aim of this study is to ...
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Supplier segmentation is considered one of the key activities in supplier relationship management for companies with multiple suppliers, which can serve as a competitive advantage. Supplier segmentation has garnered significant attention from researchers in recent decades. The aim of this study is to systematically review the research on supplier segmentation to determine the future trends in this field of research. To achieve this goal, a systematic literature review and co-citation network analysis are simultaneously employed. After defining the search protocol and criteria for article selection, a total of 48 articles were ultimately chosen. The selected articles were evaluated and analyzed in accordance with the steps of systematic literature review and co-citation network analysis methods. The results of the analysis indicate researchers' interest in portfolio approaches, decision-making techniques, and the two-dimensional model of profit and supply in supplier segmentation research. Through comprehensive examination and analysis of the research, future research trends were predicted, and it was determined that this field requires further investigation in supply chain paradigms, the impact of supplier segmentation on performance, and the analysis of overall supplier relationship management, of which supplier segmentation is an integral component.IntroductionManaging supplier relationships is a collection of activities related to the interaction between the buying company and its suppliers. It is one of the key factors in the success of organizations and holds great importance. Supplier relationship management helps organizations establish strong and effective relationships with their suppliers. By maintaining close and continuous communication with suppliers, an organization can facilitate collaboration and coordination in the supply chain and achieve better and more accurate outcomes. By establishing close relationships and mutual trust with suppliers, an organization can reduce risks associated with its suppliers and carry out critical plans during ongoing organizational operations. Supplier relationship management, by creating a strong and mutually beneficial partnership, enables collaboration and strategic partnerships between the organization and the supplier. This allows both parties to achieve greater efficiency, reduce costs, and implement joint improvements. With accurate and up-to-date information about suppliers, an organization can identify and manage potential risks, thus reducing unnecessary costs and achieving greater efficiency. In recent decades, the participation of suppliers in providing products and services that meet customer needs has increased. Therefore, managing relationships with suppliers plays a key and vital role in the supply chain. Companies adopt strategies to evaluate, select, and manage relationships with suppliers. Collaborating with a number of suppliers, each with their own competitive advantages, is certainly challenging without a systematic approach. In many studies in this field, evaluation, ranking, and selection of suppliers have been conducted. However, managing supplier relationships remains a major challenge for companies. Supplier segmentation plays a key role in enhancing the operational capabilities of a company in supply management, which in turn creates value and mutual benefits in supplier relationships. Examining existing research in this area can greatly contribute to understanding the importance of this subject and its role in the supply chain. However, a systematic review of the literature on supplier segmentation has not been conducted. This research aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of supplier segmentation in previous studies, which dates back to the 1980s. In addition to introducing and presenting models and approaches, this article examines the techniques used in supplier segmentation and analyzes future trends in this field.Materials and methodsThe present study provides a comprehensive analysis in the field of supplier segmentation by employing two research methods. This research examines systematic supplier segmentation using a combined approach of Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Content Network Analysis (CNA). Secondly, the existing approaches, models, and techniques in supplier segmentation research are discussed and analyzed in detail. Finally, the prediction of future studies in this subject is analyzed and examined.Discussion and resultsIn the systematic review of literature, a total of 48 articles were selected for analysis. The publication trend of the articles has shown a further increase after 2007, with approximately 62% of the articles in this field being published after 2007. Currently, this upward trend continues. Existing approaches to supplier segmentation can be divided into three categories: Process approach, where supplier segmentation is based on key characteristics of customer segmentation. Portfolio approach, pioneered by Kralljic, which provides a comprehensive portfolio approach for purchasing and supplier segmentation. The variables of profit impact, supply risk, and the types of segments created are determined based on the portfolio approach. Collaborative approach, where the level of collaboration determines the type of relationship. Supplier segmentation is performed using any approach and a dimension-based model. The dimensions of Kralljic's model (supply risk and profit impact) are the basis for 14 studies in the field of supplier segmentation. Among the existing approaches, the portfolio approach and the portfolio-collaborative approach have received more attention from researchers. Kralljic's portfolio approach is still used as a reference and standard approach. In recent years, multi-attribute decision-making techniques (MADM) have been widely used by researchers for supplier segmentation. The popularity of these techniques may stem from the need for less data and more realistic results compared to statistical techniques. Initially, most articles in this field were conceptual and focused on the concept of segmentation. After 2005, this trend shifted, and more articles became practical. Between 2005 and 2012, research in this field used statistical techniques and clustering for supplier segmentation. From 2012 onwards, this trend changed, and most research is now conducted using multi-attribute decision-making methods. The reason for this shift can be attributed to the need for less data and more realistic results. In terms of dimensions used in segmentation, it can be said that multiple dimensions have been used in various studies, with most of them being used only once. Among these dimensions, the risk-profit impact and capability-willingness dimensions have the highest application in research. The risk-profit impact dimensions have been consistently used by researchers since their introduction in 1983. However, since 2012, with the introduction of the capability-willingness dimensions, these dimensions have gained more popularity, indicating a significant growing trend.ConclusionsThe overall findings indicate that in recent years, the trend of studies and research in supplier segmentation is increasing. This suggests that the importance of supplier segmentation in the overall performance of supply chains for companies and organizations is growing, and companies recognize that part of their success and competitive advantage lies in the supplier management domain, of which supplier segmentation is a part. Supplier segmentation is one of the key components of supplier relationship management, and implementing or improving supplier segmentation can lead to gaining an advantage over competitors, as resources are not wasted and are utilized in the right place. By examining the articles from the beginning to 2018, it was possible to provide an overview of the evolutionary stages of key concepts in supplier segmentation and to gain a clearer understanding of the current state of the subject, which can be beneficial for future research advancements. However, there are still significant research gaps that can be explored by researchers in the future.
multiple-criteria decision-making
Mojtaba Hajian Heidary; Maede Mirzaaliyan
Abstract
In today's markets that industries have faced different risks and disruptions, selecting the appropriate and resilient supplier has become a strategic factor for the success and sustainability of organizations in a turbulent and competitive business environment and has attracted much attention from researchers ...
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In today's markets that industries have faced different risks and disruptions, selecting the appropriate and resilient supplier has become a strategic factor for the success and sustainability of organizations in a turbulent and competitive business environment and has attracted much attention from researchers and practitioners. The natural stone industry is one of the most important industries in Iran. Hence, this study aims to identify and rank the evaluation criteria of resiliency in a real case study of natural stone industry. Gathering the criteria was done based on the previous related literature and in order to confirm the identified criteria, a survey of 10 stone industry experts was conducted using the fuzzy Delphi method. Consequently, 20 criteria was approved. In order to rank the approved criteria, the best-worst method (BWM) was used. The results showed that flexibility, velocity and financial performance are the most important suppliers' resiliency evaluation criteria in the stone industry, respectively.
Habib Rudsaz; mir ali seyed naghavi; Faezeh Abdoli Masinan
Abstract
The present research is entitled” The Effect of open innovation on competitive advantage Considering the Mediation Role of knowledge management” and is done in Sadad informatics corps of Tehran city in the year of 2016. The aim of this study is to study the Effect of open innovation on competitive ...
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The present research is entitled” The Effect of open innovation on competitive advantage Considering the Mediation Role of knowledge management” and is done in Sadad informatics corps of Tehran city in the year of 2016. The aim of this study is to study the Effect of open innovation on competitive advantage (With dimensions of quality, efficiency, responsiveness and innovation) Considering the Mediation Role of knowledge management. This research is an applied one and the research method is descriptive and survey. Literature review and field study method have been used to collect information. The statistical population of this study included 200 employees of Sadad informatics corps in Tehran city. A group of 131 employees was selected as the sample for research through Cochran’s formula. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. At the level of descriptive statistics, indicators such as abundance and percentage of abundance were used; at inferential level, methods such as correlation, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used. To analyze the data was used of Lisrel and Spss software. The result show that open innovation plays an important role in effective management of organizations. Through open innovation, companies can turn knowledge management into an asset that promotes sustainable innovation that affects organizational sustainability.
Mohsen Rajabzadeh; Shaban Elahi; Alireza Hasanzadeh; Mohammad mehrain
Abstract
Studies show that there are shortcomings in the deployment of the Internet ofThings (IoT) in the supply chain of agricultural products, especially in thefield of quality control in the logistics sector, and researchers can model theexisting theoretical gaps through modeling and optimization. Therefore, ...
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Studies show that there are shortcomings in the deployment of the Internet ofThings (IoT) in the supply chain of agricultural products, especially in thefield of quality control in the logistics sector, and researchers can model theexisting theoretical gaps through modeling and optimization. Therefore, thepurpose of this paper is to identify the most important categories affectingthe deployment of the Internet of Things in the wheat supply chain storagesector and explain and mapping the relationship between these categories.For this purpose, the present article uses meta-synthesis method by searchingWeb of Science and Scopus citation databases. Then, the grounded theorycoding procedures were used to determine categories and themes. Finally,the results of meta-synthesis lead to the identification and extraction of 3macro categories; IoT technology, the main category (IoT-based storage),and the results and consequences of IoT deployment.
milad aghaee; Alireza Jazini
Abstract
Today, the geographical distribution of crime, particularly in Tehran, is so unpredictable that accurately predicting its location and timing has become impossible. Consequently, the utilization of proactive and retrospective models has become essential for the prevention police, ensuring their ability ...
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Today, the geographical distribution of crime, particularly in Tehran, is so unpredictable that accurately predicting its location and timing has become impossible. Consequently, the utilization of proactive and retrospective models has become essential for the prevention police, ensuring their ability to maintain maximum proactive and reactive operational power. In this context, logistics serves as a pivotal element supporting police missions and operations, thereby playing a significant role in enhancing the overall performance of the preventive police and establishing sustainable security. Given the nature and sensitivity of the prevention police mission, it is inevitable to encounter insecure factors that frequently manifest as sudden and unexpected disruptions. These disruptions can range from natural disasters, fires, and cyberattacks to economic shocks, illegal gatherings, violent crimes, and drug-related incidents. Consequently, there is a pressing need for the preventive police logistics system to embrace novel approaches and strategies in order to effectively adapt to the dynamic and varied nature of the police mission environment. Due to the nature and sensitivity of police organizations' missions, the utilization of logistics-based approaches that facilitate fast and agile movement, as well as logistics recovery during crises and disruptions, is crucial for effective logistics management in these organizations. Therefore, the objective of this research is to propose a hybrid model for agile and resilient logistics in police organizations. MethodologyThis research is applied-developmental and descriptive-analytical in nature. The research population consists of managers, expert commanders of the police force in operational command, expert university professors specializing in police logistics, and experienced logistics managers with at least a bachelor's degree and a minimum of 15 years of management experience at high levels within the police and military support. Data collection is conducted through semi-structured interviews, with the input of 22 experts selected using a purposeful judgmental method. The thematic analysis method is employed for data analysis. Additionally, in this research, the reliability of the findings was confirmed through the method of audit by a referee. This involved sending the coding to a referee who possesses knowledge in the research subject. At each stage of implementing the thematic analysis method, the referee's opinions were obtained and incorporated. The Attride-Stirling methodology was employed, which encompassed the identification of basic, constructive, and comprehensive themes. To ensure internal validity, a combination of triangulation methods, member checks, paired checks, and bias elimination techniques were employed. Additionally, several strategies were implemented to safeguard accurate performance and ensure external validity, including collecting data from multiple information sources, consistently comparing data during analysis, preventing initial assumptions from influencing conclusions, and avoiding hasty judgments. FindingsThe research findings, in terms of model design, reveal that the police agile and resilient logistics model encompasses 178 indicators, 30 components, and 6 fundamental dimensions, which include organization and management, technology, logistics measures, supply and distribution, agility capabilities, and capabilities. A total of 89 basic themes related to agility and 58 basic themes related to resilience were extracted from the conducted interviews and analyzed using the thematic analysis method. These findings led to the identification of six main dimensions in the police agile and resilient logistics model: organization and management, technology, logistics measures, supply and distribution, agility capabilities, and resilience capabilities. ConclusionWe are currently residing in an era where organizational managers, particularly logistics managers in police organizations, strive to deliver timely and suitable logistics services to fulfill their requirements. This enables them to consistently enhance their performance and improve customer satisfaction within their operational units. In this context, agility and resilience approaches emerge as crucial strategies that can play a highly functional role in empowering logistics as an effective tool towards achieving this objective. The integrated approach of the agile and resilient logistics model, as intended in this research, highlights the overlap between the two concepts of agility and resilience. Although agility has a historical precedence over resilience, the theoretical foundations of these two approaches demonstrate common ground. In fact, resilience, as an approach, considers a return to the initial state or an even better state, which is not achievable without taking into account the elements of agility. The hybrid model of agile and resilient logistics, based on the research findings, combines managerial and technical elements. It not only encompasses indicators from theoretical foundations and previous research but also addresses indicators specific to the operational environment of the police, particularly their activities within cities. Providing logistics services to police operations within urban areas, especially in large cities with distinct traffic patterns, diverse populations, various types of crimes, and ethnic and cultural characteristics, poses significant logistical challenges for police organizations.
Mohamad javad Ershadi; Amir Azizi; Majid Mohajeri
Abstract
One of the major challenges in the automotive industry is facing different risks, especially when introducing new products to meet customer needs. This often leads to difficulties in accurately identifying and adapting to changing methods, designs, new machinery and materials, demand fluctuations, production ...
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One of the major challenges in the automotive industry is facing different risks, especially when introducing new products to meet customer needs. This often leads to difficulties in accurately identifying and adapting to changing methods, designs, new machinery and materials, demand fluctuations, production speed, and more. These factors can result in serious injuries and risks. In order to address these risks, it is crucial to employ effective risk identification methods and prioritize them to exert control over critical risks. Therefore, this paper focuses on identifying the main areas of risks in the automotive industry, specifically within the production line. The identified risks are then categorized and graded. Based on this assessment, a fuzzy cognitive maps approach is developed to analyze 13 risks, which are further divided into three groups: technical, strategic, and operational risks. Furthermore, an interpretive structural modeling approach is used to evaluate the interrelationships among these risks, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of their correlations. Through the network analysis process, the most significant risks are identified. The findings reveal that design errors, low motivation, lack of financial resources, lack of parts, and low productivity are among the top five risks in the ISACO auto parts supply chain. IntroductionThe increasing complexity of industrial systems and the incorporation of new technologies, processes, machinery, and materials have highlighted the importance of considering environmental and safety aspects in risk assessment. Evaluating the impact of failures and their effects is a critical task in industries, particularly in the automotive sector. Among the various risk assessment techniques, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) has been widely recognized as a reliable method. Despite the extensive application of FMEA, there are limitations associated with this approach. One of the significant drawbacks is that it considers the SOD factors independently without considering the interdependencies among failures. In reality, production stages are not executed simultaneously, and potential failures do not occur concurrently. Some failures are influenced by previous stage failures and, in turn, affect subsequent stages. On the other hand, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) allows for the comprehensive structuring of a set of interconnected factors in an organized model. By utilizing fundamental concepts of graph theory, ISM describes the intricate pattern of conceptual relationships among variables. In this way, it overcomes the limitations of independent consideration of failures in FMEA. Therefore, this paper employs ISM as an approach to assess the impact of failures. It provides a comprehensive and structured model that captures the interrelationships among various factors. By using this approach, the evaluation of failures becomes more accurate and reliable, considering the interdependencies among different stages and failures.Materials and MethodsThis research is categorized as applied research in terms of its objective and descriptive-qualitative in terms of its method. Field studies were conducted as the data collection tools for this research. The scoring method (utilizing experts) was used for data analysis, and a case study of the ISACO company was employed to test the model. The required data for this research, aimed at presenting a model for identifying production risks in the first stage, were collected through a literature review. Relevant English and Persian books, student theses, related websites, journal articles, conferences, and seminars focusing on the identification of multi-stage production risks were used to gather research literature. Existing documentation from various industries was also utilized in the field of risk assessment and identification. In the initial stage, the main risks of the automotive parts supplier company are identified. In this phase, risks identified in existing scientific research sources were finalized through interviews with experts. The extracted risks are evaluated and ranked based on the failure mode and effects analysis method in the second step. In the third step, the interactions among various risks are examined using the fuzzy cognitive map approach. The results obtained from the second step are utilized in this phase through normalization. In the fourth step, the final ranking of risks is determined based on the static analysis conducted in the third step. In the fifth step, an interpretive structural model is used to determine the interdependence and susceptibility of risks to each other.Discussion and ResultsBased on the research objectives, the risks in the production line domain were first identified using the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) approach. Then, the FCM (Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping) method was employed to design a fuzzy network, and ultimately, the ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) approach was used to analyze the penetration and interdependence of risks. The ranking of risks using the FMEA approach is as follows: lack of motivation, parts shortage, low productivity, rework in execution, and weak supervision are ranked from 1 to 5, respectively. After considering the interactions among risks in the dynamic analysis of FCM, the factor of lack of motivation descends from rank 1 to 7. Furthermore, the factors of low productivity and lack of financial resources rank first and second, respectively.ConclusionDecision-making in the field of risk management involves considering various factors that are subject to change over time. The dynamic nature of these factors can influence the effectiveness of risk management decisions, and their impact on the desired outcomes needs to be carefully assessed. Proper risk management requires a comprehensive understanding of potential failures and the ability to predict and mitigate their consequences. Analyzing risks, employing effective mitigation strategies, and conducting thorough evaluations are essential for ensuring the success of a project or business venture. Professional risk management involves identifying and addressing potential vulnerabilities, evaluating their impact on the desired objectives, and devising appropriate strategies to prevent or mitigate their occurrence. The use of risk assessment methodologies, such as Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), allows for systematic identification and prediction of potential failures, while incorporating flexibility and adaptability in risk mitigation approaches. These methodologies offer advantages such as scalability, speed, high accuracy in predicting failures, enhanced understanding of complex systems, and facilitation of decision-making processes. By employing fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) in FMEA, the prioritization and prediction of potential risks can be effectively performed. This approach provides a more flexible and comprehensive understanding of risks, enabling easier decision-making and utilization of valuable feedback from domain experts. Following the identification of primary risk areas, the risks associated with production lines were classified, and a fuzzy cognitive mapping approach was developed based on this classification. Thirteen identified risks were then analyzed using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) to assess the interrelationships among the risks and provide further insights for decision-making.
supply chain management
Allahyar Beigi Firoozi; Mohammad Bashokouh Ajirlou; Naser Seffollahi; Ghasem Zarei
Abstract
The current study aimed to cluster the application of digital technologies from Industry 4.0 in the agricultural food distribution network. To achieve this goal, a bibliometric technique was employed to identify prominent trends and themes in this field through the analysis of articles, authors, countries, ...
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The current study aimed to cluster the application of digital technologies from Industry 4.0 in the agricultural food distribution network. To achieve this goal, a bibliometric technique was employed to identify prominent trends and themes in this field through the analysis of articles, authors, countries, and co-citations of authors and bibliographic pairs. Through an extensive search in the Scopus scientific database, bibliographic information for 331 valid and relevant scientific articles was acquired. This information was inputted into the bibliometric package in R software, and the most influential journal, author, university, country, and most cited authors were determined. To visualize the information, Vosviewer software was utilized for co-citation analysis of authors, cited references, and bibliographic pairs. The findings from the network analysis revealed that the studies on the application of digital technologies in the agricultural food distribution network can be categorized into five main clusters.IntroductionIndustry 4.0, viewed as a new industrial stage, has introduced complex information and communication technologies that facilitate comprehensive connections across different parts of the supply chain. The digital technologies associated with Industry 4.0 allow production lines, business processes, and teams within a supply chain to collaborate seamlessly, irrespective of location, time zone, network constraints, or any other factors. Researchers highlight that the advent of digital technologies from the fourth industrial revolution, including radio frequency identification, big data, cloud computing, smart sensors, machine learning, robotics, augmented production, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, the Internet of Things, blockchain, and similar technologies, holds immense potential for significantly enhancing production productivity. These technologies could lead to substantial innovation, competitive growth, and may contribute to improving the sustainability of the current industrial system. To meet the escalating demand for food, agricultural marketing professionals and managers globally must maximize the efficiency of the agricultural distribution network, given the widespread adoption of digital technologies. The increasing significance of this goal has prompted marketing researchers to explore the use of digital technologies in the agricultural food distribution network, leading to a substantial number of studies in this research field since 2011. In this context, the present study aimed to cluster the utilization of digital technologies in Industry 4.0 within the agricultural food distribution network. A bibliometric study was conducted to identify existing gaps in research and propose future directions. The research focuses on the application of digital technologies in the distribution network.Aligned with the research objective, fundamental questions are posed: Which publications, authors, and countries are most influential in the application of Industry 4.0 digital technologies in the agricultural food distribution network? Additionally, what scientific clusters exist in this domain?MethodologyThe objective of the current research is to conduct a bibliographic analysis of studies related to the application of digital technologies in Industry 4.0 within the agricultural food distribution network. Utilizing bibliometric techniques, a crucial measure for evaluating scientific output, a comprehensive examination of scientific literature was carried out concerning the application of digital technologies in Industry 4.0 within the agricultural food distribution network.The search was conducted within the Scopus scientific database, which encompasses a significant array of diverse journals and authoritative articles globally. The search covered three sections: title, abstract, and keywords, yielding a list of studies that exclusively included English-language articles from journals (excluding conference studies and book chapters) published between 2011 (the inception year of Industry 4.0) and 2023. By imposing these criteria, 352 original pieces of data containing bibliographic information were obtained. Subsequently, the title and abstract of each article were meticulously scrutinized to identify information relevant to the agricultural food distribution networks. Among these, 6 articles pertaining to the halal supply chain and 15 articles conducted as systematic reviews were excluded from the bibliographic information collection. The final portfolio for analysis consisted of bibliographic information from 331 articles, which was then entered into the bibliometric software package. This analysis was carried out using R software and VOSviewer software. The bibliometric software package facilitated quantitative bibliographic analysis, while the VOSviewer software was employed for visualizing and analyzing citation networks.ResultsThe quantitative findings indicate a significant increase in studies related to the adoption of digital technologies in the agricultural food distribution network, particularly after 2017. The most widely utilized digital technologies in the food distribution network include blockchain, the Internet of Things, simulation, artificial intelligence, big data, machine learning, 3D printers, sensors, and digital twins.Through the analysis of bibliographic pairs, five primary clusters were identified concerning the application of digital technologies in the agricultural food distribution network. These clusters are associated with the use of digital technologies in ensuring food quality, enhancing distribution network flexibility, establishing modular architecture within the distribution network, implementing intelligent logistics systems, and promoting sustainable distribution networks.ConclusionBased on the themes of the clusters identified in Table 7, it can be concluded that the Internet of Things and blockchain play crucial roles in real-time tracking, tracing, and monitoring of food throughout the supply chain, thereby reducing wastage. RFID technologies and digital twins are highly effective in ensuring food safety and facilitating delivery to consumers, especially in the face of environmental changes and crises such as epidemics. Another application of digital technologies lies in the modular architecture of the food distribution network. Through the use of modular architecture, various technologies can modularize tasks and extensive operations within the food distribution network. Ultimately, all these components can be centralized under blockchain technology, with diverse data stored in a vast cloud space. Consistent implementation of digital technologies in the food distribution network has the potential to establish regional warehouses, resulting in reduced distribution and delivery costs, enhanced food safety and sustainability, and the possibility of customizing food for end consumers. This, in turn, will contribute to the stability of the food network.
Jalil Heidary Dahooie; Seyyed Jalal Hosseini Dehshiri
Abstract
Value engineering is one of the tools to create and improvement value while reduces unnecessary costs and keeps the original function, leads to increased efficiency. Today this technique used to reduce the cost in industries that are facing high costs such as the electricity industry. The evidence and ...
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Value engineering is one of the tools to create and improvement value while reduces unnecessary costs and keeps the original function, leads to increased efficiency. Today this technique used to reduce the cost in industries that are facing high costs such as the electricity industry. The evidence and expert’s opinion implying that many factors causing costs in the industry is related to the supply chain the low efficiency in the supply chain, resulting in increased costs. So to increase performance and reduce costs, the research was conducted aimed to identify and prioritize solutions reduce costs in the supply chain for cables and accessories combined cycle power plant Sirjan (Gol Gohar), who has a major role in the country's electricity supply. The final solutions for cost reduction after holding several meetings with experts of the project value engineering team were identified. Then these solutions were evaluated with criteria extracted of the research literature and opinions of experts of the project value engineering team were moderated and finalized. The final criteria and each of the sub-criteria were weighted by SWARA. Then final weight was calculated for each of the sub-criteria. In order to prioritize final solutions we used ARAS-G. After prioritizing solutions, solution the twelfth (reducing the time of order up to purchase and deliver through the reform procedures purchase), as the best solution was identified to reduce costs and thus increase performance supply chain target
supply chain management
Akbar Rahimi; mohamad hossein karimi govareshki; Amirreza zareei
Abstract
The competitive landscape among companies and their supply chains necessitates a heightened focus on collaborating with the best suppliers. The appropriate selection of suppliers presents an opportunity for organizations to gain a sustainable competitive advantage while enhancing profitability. The Etka ...
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The competitive landscape among companies and their supply chains necessitates a heightened focus on collaborating with the best suppliers. The appropriate selection of suppliers presents an opportunity for organizations to gain a sustainable competitive advantage while enhancing profitability. The Etka organization, responsible for meeting the consumption and general needs of the armed forces, is no exception. Consequently, it requires establishing partnerships with suppliers across industries. To address this need, this research aims to provide a framework for selecting suppliers with lean, agile, and resilient approaches within the supply chain of the Etka organization. To achieve this objective, an extensive review of the relevant literature on lean, agile, and resilient supplier selection was undertaken. Through this process, key selection criteria were identified, and the fuzzy screening method was employed to localize and refine these criteria. Furthermore, the combined rough best-worst method was utilized to assign weights to each criterion, reducing uncertainties associated with expert opinions. "Cooperation and coordination" emerged as the most critical criterion from the resilient supply perspective, "trust development" from the agile supply approach, and "product quality" from the lean supply approach. The application of the rough VIKOR method then facilitated the ranking of selected suppliers, resulting in the Qaemshahr canning company being identified as the most desirable supplier in the related industry. This study presents a comprehensive framework for selecting lean, agile, and resilient suppliers within the supply chain of the Etka organization, enabling fruitful partnerships that contribute to competitive advantage and overall profitability.IntroductionThe foundational importance of ensuring the timely provision of high-quality sustenance to the armed forces at reasonable costs stands as a cornerstone in bolstering a nation's defense preparedness. The Etka organization, entrenched in the responsibility of orchestrating the seamless delivery of top-tier nourishment to military personnel from farm to table, grapples with the imperative of devising astute supply chain management strategies. As global challenges, such as the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic, underscore the criticality of resilient supply chains, Etka's commitment to fortifying its procurement infrastructure gains newfound significance. While Etka cultivates a portion of its food internally, strategic partnerships play a pivotal role in ensuring the efficient fulfillment of diverse demands. In tandem, industry-wide strategies like adopting lean, agile, and resilient supply chain methodologies could guide organizations toward operational efficiency, profitability, and customer-centricity. The nimble nature of the agile approach, coupled with the waste-reducing prowess of the lean strategy, and the resilience to rebound after disruptions embody the ethos underpinning modern supply chain excellence. Effective supplier selection emerges as a linchpin in the quest for operational optimization and enhanced competitiveness, particularly manifesting as an imperative facet in Etka's role as a custodian of the armed forces' nutritional sustenance. This necessitates meticulous scrutiny, evaluation, and collaboration with suppliers aligned with the organization's criteria to ensure streamlined procurement processes. This scholarly endeavor embarks on architecting a comprehensive roadmap for selecting suppliers harmonized with Etka's requisites through the delineation of precise procurement criteria and strategic imperatives.Literature ReviewIn the area of supplier selection, various studies have been conducted. Among these, there are studies that have selected suppliers based on one, two, or all of the essential, agile, and resilient approaches. These three approaches are of significant importance in the matter of selecting suppliers, to the extent that almost all recent research in the field of supplier selection has examined at least one of these approaches. Therefore, in this study, after reviewing and studying the literature on the subject, we proceed to identify the criteria for selecting essential, agile, and resilient suppliers. The identified criteria for selecting essential suppliers include: cost, quality, lead time, collaborative relationships with suppliers, level of service and customer satisfaction, flexibility, just in time, information sharing, implementation of quality management systems, waste management, automatic inventory replenishment, and inventory management. The identified criteria for selecting agile suppliers include: production flexibility, delivery flexibility and speed, resource flexibility, market sensitivity, information sharing, reliability, responsiveness, capacity to create new production lines, process integration through IT, quality improvement, minimizing uncertainty, innovation capability, cost flexibility and reduction, trust development, reducing resistance to change, and improving after-sales services. The identified criteria for selecting resilient suppliers include: excess inventory, reliability, adaptability, multiple sourcing, collaboration and coordination, identifying vulnerable points, awareness of risks and their management, redundancy in production equipment, having a list of alternative materials, technological capability, demand-driven management, and warehouse location flexibility.MethodologyThe current study is characterized by an applied research type with a descriptive methodological approach. The nature of this research as a questionnaire-based inquiry categorizes it as a descriptive-survey study. The statistical population targeted in this investigation comprises experts and managers from the business department of the Etka organization. Data collection methods employed in this study encompass both library research for theoretical foundations and field research for practical investigations. The foundational knowledge and background were cultivated through a meticulous examination of authoritative texts and articles, aligning with the library research method. Conversely, the actual data collection process involved direct engagement with the subjects through the distribution of a questionnaire, reflecting the field research method. Upon establishing the supplier selection criteria derived from existing literature, a questionnaire was formulated to screen these criteria, which was subsequently shared with the experts at Etka organization. Through expert consultation, certain identified criteria deemed less critical for the organization were eliminated following a fuzzy screening process. Subsequently, the best and worst criteria were identified through a second questionnaire distributed among the experts. Using the rough Best-Worst Method (BWM), expert-valued criteria were quantified and prioritized within the lean, agile, and resilient frameworks. Subsequently, a final questionnaire was administered to experts, aiming to evaluate suppliers from the Etka Organization based on the weighted criteria determined in the previous stages. These supplier evaluations were quantified using Raff's numbers, supported by Raff's theory relationships. Finally, a comparative analysis was conducted to rank the selected suppliers utilizing the VIKOR method relationships. This methodological approach employed a systematic process of refining criteria, expert consultation, and quantitative analysis to effectively evaluate and rank suppliers within the organizational context of the Etka organization.ResultsThe findings of this research indicate that when selecting a supplier for the Etka organization, the most critical approaches in order of importance are resilience, agility, and lastly, the lean approach. Consequently, a framework was developed for the selection of suppliers optimized for Lean, Agile, and Resilient (LAR) characteristics within this organization. The key criteria for supplier selection across lean, agile, and resilient approaches were identified as product quality criteria, trust development, and cooperation and coordination, respectively. Moreover, through a comparative analysis of the weight and significance of these criteria, it is evident that among the top five essential criteria recognized, three fall within the realm of resilience. This reaffirms the significance of prioritizing resilient suppliers in the selection process. Lastly, the research findings highlight that the Qaemshahr cannery demonstrates exemplary performance concerning Lean, Agile, and Resilient approaches.Conclusion and DiscussionThe framework devised for selecting suppliers using Lean, Agile, and Resilient (LAR) approaches offers several practical applications for the Etka organization. A comprehensive assessment of the prevailing supply conditions within the organization revealed a minimal adoption of the key criteria outlined in this research in the practical supplier selection processes at Etka. With attention to these findings, the Etka organization stands to enhance its supply chain operations within the food industry significantly by revisiting and fine-tuning its supply policies in alignment with the framework established in this study. The suggested course of action entails the organization reconsidering its supplier selection criteria to prioritize suppliers who align with the identified criteria, fostering improved operational performance. By recalibrating its supplier selection practices in accordance with the research framework, the Etka organization can strive towards optimizing its supply chain operations, enhancing efficiency, and fostering resilience in the face of challenges. Therefore, leveraging the insights gleaned from this research framework presents an opportunity for the Etka organization to refine its supplier selection strategies, bolster operational efficacy, and cultivate relationships with suppliers that align closely with the organization's objectives and requirements.
Seyed Mohammad Hassan Hosseini
Abstract
Today, the realization of pre-determined programs and timely supply of customer requests and orders is one of the important and strategic goals of organizations and production units. This importance is caused by importance of customer position and also exploitation of resources. In this paper, the integrated ...
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Today, the realization of pre-determined programs and timely supply of customer requests and orders is one of the important and strategic goals of organizations and production units. This importance is caused by importance of customer position and also exploitation of resources. In this paper, the integrated production planning and maintenance problem is studied. Two objective function is considered for this problem. First, minimizing total cost and second, minimizing dissatisfaction of customer that comes from delay in demands. Due to the importance of the customer place in nowadays competitive environment, the last objective function is added to problem to getting closer to the real world. First, problem is definined with variables and parameters then, bi-objective mathematical model is presented. Since, this problem has been proved as NP-hard, an approximation method is also developed based on Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). Finally, this problem is solved by applying two algorithmand NSGA-II using standard data that is obtained from references. Results show that performance of the proposed method based on NSGA-II both in solution quality and running time is suit.
supply chain management
hossein karimi; MohhamadJavad Jamshidi; Milad Bakhsham
Abstract
This research aims to identify key components and indicators for managing green supply chains utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT). The methodology employed is a mixed approach consisting of two stages. First, through qualitative content analysis, this study reviews theoretical foundations and previous ...
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This research aims to identify key components and indicators for managing green supply chains utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT). The methodology employed is a mixed approach consisting of two stages. First, through qualitative content analysis, this study reviews theoretical foundations and previous research to identify indicators associated with drivers for green supply chain management based on IoT. Subsequently, these indicators were presented to 22 experts in management and information technology to validate and verify them. The research findings reveal that the IoT-based green supply chain model encompasses nine components and 66 indicators. These components include intelligent supply chain management, real-time monitoring of object statuses in the supply chain, intelligent object transfer along the supply chain, intelligent object location in the supply chain, information transparency within the supply chain, corruption reduction, intelligent quality management within the supply chain, intelligent sourcing in the supply chain, intelligent distribution management, and intelligent inventory management. The comprehensive drivers in the proposed model emphasize the importance of incorporating IoT in supply chain management to enhance overall supply chain performance while addressing environmental concerns.IntroductionAs technology continues to advance rapidly across various industries, mankind has enjoyed an improved quality of life. However, the environmental toll of recent decades, such as global warming, water scarcity, polar ice melting, habitat destruction, and deforestation, has raised significant environmental concerns. Modern human activities have contributed to these environmental issues. Consequently, there is mounting pressure on companies to integrate environmentally responsible practices into their operations and supply chains. Recognizing the pivotal role of green supply chain management in sustainable job creation, environmental problem reduction, improved public health through safer food consumption, and enhanced agricultural land productivity, recent years have witnessed increased interest and research into the determinants of green supply chain management.MethodologyThis research adopts a mixed-method approach conducted in two stages. Firstly, qualitative content analysis is employed to review theoretical foundations and prior studies, facilitating the identification of indicators associated with drivers for green supply chain management using IoT. Subsequently, these identified indicators are validated and verified by 22 experts specializing in management and information technology.ResultsThe research findings indicate that green supply chain management, with an IoT approach, comprises nine components: intelligent supply chain management, real-time monitoring of object statuses, intelligent object transfer, intelligent object location, information transparency, corruption reduction, intelligent quality management, intelligent sourcing, intelligent distribution management, and intelligent inventory management.ConclusionsThis study highlights the presence of nine components and 66 indicators within the IoT-based green supply chain model. These components encompass various aspects of supply chain management, emphasizing the importance of incorporating IoT technology to enhance overall supply chain performance while addressing environmental considerations. Due to the growing concerns surrounding environmental issues and the emission of harmful substances by companies, it is highly recommended to incorporate the IoT into supply chain management. This integration serves to monitor and control the quantity of waste generated, and encourages the use of environmentally-friendly 3D printing for creating IoT sensors instead of traditional plastic materials. Furthermore, it is advisable to optimize waste collection schedules and routes for garbage trucks, as these measures can significantly reduce the time and resources spent on waste management. To facilitate this transition, managers should organize in-service training programs to educate employees about IoT technology and communication equipment, emphasizing the positive impact of these advancements on green supply chain management. Additionally, adopting state-of-the-art technologies like Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) in supply chain systems can contribute to the development of a sustainable and environmentally-conscious supply chain. Legislative bodies should also play a crucial role in promoting green supply chain practices by identifying and addressing legal loopholes in existing supply chain-related laws. This can be achieved through the implementation of incentives, such as tax reductions for eco-friendly companies, or penalties, including tax hikes, financial fines, and even legal repercussions, to encourage the adoption of smoother and more environmentally responsible supply chain management practices. It's worth noting that this research has certain limitations. It primarily relied on articles within specific databases during a defined timeframe, excluding other valuable sources like foreign books and theses due to accessibility constraints. Furthermore, qualitative research inherently depends on the researcher's interpretation and perspective, potentially affecting the reliability of the results. Lastly, challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic and respondent reluctance posed difficulties during the research process.
Ahmad Ebrahimi; laya olfat; Maghsood Amiri; Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard
Abstract
The current research has considered the design of the four-level supply chain of perishable goods, including manufacturing factories, distribution centers, wholesalers, and retailers, in conditions of uncertainty in important parameters. The aim is to make strategic and tactical decisions, including ...
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The current research has considered the design of the four-level supply chain of perishable goods, including manufacturing factories, distribution centers, wholesalers, and retailers, in conditions of uncertainty in important parameters. The aim is to make strategic and tactical decisions, including the location, number, and size of distribution centers and wholesalers, stock levels in stocking centers, determining the flow of goods between facilities at different supply chain levels, and choosing the type of means of transporting goods between facilities. This is achieved through a three-objective mathematical model. The goals include minimizing the expected total cost in the supply chain, achieving the shortest travel time of goods in the chain, and at the same time minimizing the amount of deviation from customer demand. The presented model tries to pay attention to environmental uncertainty and consider different operational scenarios, as well as the possible approach in important parameters. This takes into account the product life cycle, the different rate of spoilage of the goods in different storage facilities, the different capacity of the facilities in different scenarios, and considering different methods of product transportation with different rates of product spoilage. All of this aims to cover the lack of previous research in the field of perishable goods supply chain design. Considering the multi-objective nature of the model and the need to create flexibility in decision-making for decision-makers, this research uses Normal Boundary Intersection (NBI), which allows decision-makers to choose the most optimal solution according to the importance of different goals. GAMS 24 software and MILP solver were used to solve the mathematical model.
Materials and Methods
This study presents a multiobjective model for designing a four-echelon supply chain (SC) in the strategic and tactical levels for fixed lifetime perishable products. The targeted SC levels include production plants, distribution centers (DC), wholesalers, and retailers. The locations of the plants and retailers are predetermined, while the locations of DCs and wholesalers will be selected from potential locations. The elaborated model seeks to minimize the total cost and product transportation time in the SC and minimize expected demand deviation as well. The Normal Boundary Intersection (NBI) method is employed for solving the model, and GAMS software is used to determine the optimal values of decision variables.
Results
This study utilizes a case study of an Iranian broad dairy company that produces eleven product groups. Data for the study were collected from historical company records and expert interviews. According to the opinions of the experts, three different operational scenarios have been extracted, and the data related to each scenario, especially the customer demand, has been estimated according to historical data as well as the corrective opinions of the managers. The results of the proposed mathematical programming model showed that changes in demand did not have unexpected effects on the values of the objective function and did not change the general trend of the answer to the problem. On the other hand, changes in the percentage of perishability of the product had far less impact on the values of the objective functions as well as the membership function. The overall result is normal, and as a result, in general, these changes represent the stability of the model against the fluctuations of important parameters. A comparison of optimal results and reality reveals that the examined SC needs a redesign of its DCs and wholesalers' locations, and hybrid transportation methods should be used.
Conclusion
Supply chain design (SCD) of fixed lifetime perishable products at the strategic and tactical levels is indeed an important issue. By considering the research gap, this study developed a multi-objective and multi-level model for SCD of fixed lifetime perishable products, and new concepts such as varying perishability rates in storage and transportation facilities are considered. On the other hand, with regard to environmental uncertainty, important parameters such as demand and capacity of facilities are considered as probable parameters. Adding environmental and social factors as new objectives, hybrid transportation methods, and horizontal interactions in the same SC levels can be considered for model development. In order to solve the proposed model, NBI has been used, which has significant advantages compared to other solution methods. By turning the answer of the optimization model into a kind of decision-making problem, this technique gives flexibility to the decision-maker to choose the best solution for their supply chain design according to the weight of each goal. Also, the decision-maker can redesign and increase the adaptability of the supply chain by changing the important parameters of the problem over time.
perfomance management
ebrahim golzar; seyyed esmaeil najafi; seyyed ahmad edalatpanah; Amir Azizi
Abstract
Undesirable outputs are an integral part of production in various decision-making units, and to bring analyses closer to the real world, it is necessary to consider, undesirable outputs in performance evaluation research. In this paper, a new hybrid model for evaluating the efficiency of decision-making ...
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Undesirable outputs are an integral part of production in various decision-making units, and to bring analyses closer to the real world, it is necessary to consider, undesirable outputs in performance evaluation research. In this paper, a new hybrid model for evaluating the efficiency of decision-making units in the oil industry is presented, which uses slack-based data envelopment analysis techniques and advanced machine learning algorithms. The proposed model specifically focuses on improving efficiency considering undesirable outputs and conditions of uncertainty. Three machine learning algorithms including artificial neural networks, support vector machines, and XGBoost are used to predict and improve the results of slack-based models. This study involves the evaluation of 37 decision-making units within the National Petroleum Products Distribution Company, and the results show a significant improvement in efficiency using predicted data compared to actual data. This research not only contributes to new perspectives in efficiency evaluation and improvement but also offers innovative hybrid methods to address challenges in operational management.
