safety,risk and reliability
Amir Yousefli; reza Norouzi; Amir Hosein Hamzeiyan
Abstract
Reliability Redundancy Allocation (RRA) is one of the most important problems facing the managers to improve the systems performance. In the most RRA models, presented in the literature components’ reliability used to be assumed as an exact value in (0,1) interval, while various factors might affect ...
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Reliability Redundancy Allocation (RRA) is one of the most important problems facing the managers to improve the systems performance. In the most RRA models, presented in the literature components’ reliability used to be assumed as an exact value in (0,1) interval, while various factors might affect components’ reliability and change it over time. Therefore, components reliability values should be considered as uncertain parameters. In this paper, by developing a discrete - continuous inference system, an optimization - oriented decision support system is proposed considering the components’ reliability as stochastic variables. Proposed DSS uses stochastic if - then rules to infer optimum or near optimum values for the decision variables as well as the objective function. Finally, In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed system, several examples are provided. Comparison of the inferred results with the optimal values shows the very good performance of the developed stochastic decision support system.
project management
Yahya Dorfeshan; Seyed Meysam Mousavi; Behnam Vahdani
Abstract
Critical path method is one of the most widely used approaches in planning and project control. Time is considered a determinative criterion for the critical path. But it seems necessary to regard other criteria in addition to time. Besides time criterion, effective criteria such as quality, cost, risk ...
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Critical path method is one of the most widely used approaches in planning and project control. Time is considered a determinative criterion for the critical path. But it seems necessary to regard other criteria in addition to time. Besides time criterion, effective criteria such as quality, cost, risk and safety are considered in this paper. Then, the developed problem is solved as a multi-attribute decision making problem by a new extension of MULTIMOORA method. Moreover, type-2 fuzzy sets are utilized for considering uncertainties. Type-2 fuzzy sets are more flexible and capable than type-1 fuzzy sets in reflecting uncertainties. Eventually, SWARA method is developed for determining the weights of efficient criteria such as time, cost, quality, risk and safety under type-2 fuzzy environment. Finally, an applied example has been solved to illustrate the calculations and the ability of the proposed approach. Based on the example, it is clear that the longest path in terms of time criterion is not a critical path, and other influential criteria are involved in determining the critical path. IntroductionToday, in the competitive business environment, project management, planning, scheduling, and project control hold significant importance. One of the widely used and common methods in the field of project planning and control is undoubtedly the Critical Path Method (CPM). In the Critical Path Method, activity durations are predetermined. However, in the real world, many projects and activities are executed for the first time and have considerable uncertainties. Therefore, obtaining an accurate estimate of the time and resources required for activities is challenging. However, considering a single criterion, such as time, will not yield fruitful results, and other influential parameters such as risk should also be taken into account. For example, a path that carries a high level of risk may not be the critical path at present, but it may become critical in the future due to the high risk involved. For this reason, this research explores other influential criteria besides time and considers them in determining the critical path.Materials and MethodsIn this study, the problem under investigation is the determination of the critical path while considering other influential criteria in addition to the time criterion. To achieve this, multiple criteria decision-making methods are used to consider criteria such as time, cost, quality, risk, and safety in determining the critical path. Furthermore, to account for the uncertainties of the real world and incorporate expert opinions, type-2 fuzzy sets are utilized. It should be noted that the MULTIMOORA method is employed for ranking the critical paths, while the SWARA method is used to determine the weights of the influential criteria in determining the critical path. Both methods have been extended and developed in a type-2 fuzzy environment.Discussion and Results Initially, the proposed method is solved considering only the time criterion. As observed, the critical path has changed, indicating the importance of other criteria in determining the critical path. Then, the proposed method is solved considering pairwise combinations of the criteria, where the time criterion is treated as a fixed criterion due to its high importance. In fact, the problem is solved considering time and cost, time and risk, time and quality, and time and risk. By increasing or decreasing each criterion, the critical path changes, demonstrating the significance of all criteria in determining the project's critical path. To determine the critical path, it is necessary to consider all criteria together. These variations in the criteria and the resulting change in the critical path clearly indicate the importance and influence of other criteria in determining the critical path.ConclusionIn this article, an extension of the MULTIMOORA multi-criteria decision-making method is presented in the reference section. Additionally, Type-2 fuzzy numbers, which offer more flexibility and better representation of uncertainties compared to Type-1 fuzzy numbers, are utilized. The MULTIMOORA multi-criteria decision-making method is developed to incorporate these Type-2 fuzzy numbers. The opinions of three experts are used numerically for the time and cost criteria and linguistically as linguistic variables for the quality, risk, and safety criteria. Ultimately, the weights of the influential criteria of time, cost, risk, quality, and safety are determined using the developed SWARA method under Type-2 fuzzy environment. Finally, the most critical path is determined by considering not only the time criterion but also the influential criteria of cost, quality, risk, and safety. Based on the conducted research, a set of criteria including time, cost, quality, risk, and safety are used in this article, and additional criteria can also be added to this set.
Ahmad Ahmadi; Abolfazl Kazai; Mohammad Naghizadeh; Maghsood Amiri
Abstract
Following Chesbrough's statements of open innovation as a spectrum rather than a dichotomy, many studies have been conducted to reflect the dynamics in its implementation in the form of typologies, modes, themes, and mechanisms. These studies, with considering only some aspects of the innovation process, ...
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Following Chesbrough's statements of open innovation as a spectrum rather than a dichotomy, many studies have been conducted to reflect the dynamics in its implementation in the form of typologies, modes, themes, and mechanisms. These studies, with considering only some aspects of the innovation process, have tried to develop a method for classifying and providing a model for adoption of open innovation. After reviewing the literature and interviewing with experts, the components and factors in each implementation step were obtained. Finally, to analyze and plot the interrelationships between the various components of the open innovation model DMATELE technique was used. Consequently, the open innovation model was determined in the study company. This model is the result of a chain of decisions in relation to each component of OI model within the phases of the innovation process. The decision chains include: selecting the “pre-print” domain as content of the model, choosing the direction of “market driven –invitational” for actors, and choosing mechanisms for increasing “absorptive capacity”, “transformative and connective capacity”, and “desorptive capacity.”
Abstract
One of the most important problems of logistic networks is designing and analyzing of the distribution network. The design of distribution systems raises hard combinatorial optimization problems. In recent years, two main problems in the design of distribution networks that are location of distribution ...
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One of the most important problems of logistic networks is designing and analyzing of the distribution network. The design of distribution systems raises hard combinatorial optimization problems. In recent years, two main problems in the design of distribution networks that are location of distribution centres and routing of distributors are considered together and created the location-routing problem. The location-routing problem (LRP), integrates the two kinds of decisions. The classical LRP, consists in opening a subset of depots, assigning customers to them and determining vehicle routes, to minimize total cost of the problem. In this paper, a dynamic capacitated location-routing problem is considered that there are a number of potential depot locations and customers with specific demand and locations, and some vehicles with a certain capacity. Decisions concerning facility locations are permitted to be made only in the first time period of the planning horizon but, the routing decisions may be changed in each time period. In this study, customer demands depend on the products offering prices. The corresponding model and presented results related to the implementation of the model by different solution methods have been analysed by different methods. A hybrid heuristic algorithm based on particle swarm optimization is proposed to solve the problem. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, the proposed algorithm results are compared with exact algorithm optimal value and lower bounds. The comparison between hybrid proposed algorithm and exact solutions are performed and computational experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Maryeh Nematizadeh; Alireza Amirteimoori; Sohrab Kordrostami; Leila Khoshandam
Abstract
The electricity industry plays a pivotal role in a country's economic growth and development. Therefore, it is imperative to assess its performance and identify the strengths and weaknesses of its different sectors, such as production, transmission, and distribution, to enhance economic growth in diverse ...
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The electricity industry plays a pivotal role in a country's economic growth and development. Therefore, it is imperative to assess its performance and identify the strengths and weaknesses of its different sectors, such as production, transmission, and distribution, to enhance economic growth in diverse areas. Given the significance of the transmission sector, this research focuses on analyzing and evaluating the performance of 16 regional electricity companies in Iran from 1390 to 1398, with the aim of comprehending the impact of contextual variables on efficiency. To achieve this, the study will utilize two techniques - Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) - to determine the efficiency score and estimate the effect of contextual variables on efficiency, respectively. In the first stage, the DEA technique is employed to calculate the technical efficiency of each company, considering their specific inputs and outputs. In the second stage, the logarithm of the efficiency scores obtained is regressed on contextual variables to establish their effect on efficiency. The residual derived from the regression is referred to as managerial ability. Finally, the companies are ranked based on their modified efficiency after removing the impact of contextual variables.
Introduction
The electricity industry comprises three key sectors: production, transmission, and distribution. It stands as one of the most crucial economic infrastructures in the country, exerting significant influence on industrial, agricultural, service, and other sectors. Undoubtedly, the growth of the electricity industry drives the nation's economic development and progress, contributing to the prosperity and comfort of its citizens (Tavassoli et al., 2020). Consequently, analyzing and examining the growth trajectory of each sector across different years becomes pivotal in mitigating adverse effects and fostering progress within this domain.
In recent years, numerous researchers have conducted studies in this field. Some have independently evaluated each production, transmission, and distribution sector, while others have adopted a comprehensive approach by considering the integrated three-stage network structure. The research background highlights that the transmission sector has received less attention from researchers than other sectors. This is noteworthy because, following electricity production, the transmission process and energy accessibility to consumers are paramount. The absence of proper energy transfer can result in consumer dissatisfaction, financial losses, and stagnation within the competitive economic market. Therefore, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the transmission sector's performance and comparing regional electricity transmission companies can effectively help enhance the performance level of each.
One technique that has captured researchers' attention for evaluating the electricity industry's performance is the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique. DEA is a non-parametric method used to assess the performance of homogeneous units, considering multiple inputs and outputs. It was initially introduced in 1978 by Charnes et al. The initial model was built upon the assumption of constant returns to scale. Subsequently, Banker et al. (1984) extended it by presenting a model under the assumption of returns to a variable scale.
Importantly, traditional DEA models evaluate a system's performance based on specific inputs and outputs consumed and produced by the unit. However, various factors, such as contextual variables, managerial ability, and skill, can significantly influence performance and productivity. A crucial point to consider is that managerial abilities are not always overtly visible. This lack of direct visibility can impede accurate measurement. Hence, recognizing these variables among the existing indicators and assessing their influence on the performance and efficiency of each unit holds particular significance. This procedure enhances the precision of evaluation and opens avenues for delivering enhanced solutions aimed at improving the system's overall performance.
Methodology
The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the performance of Iran's regional electricity transmission sector while considering contextual variables and establishing a ranking methodology based on managerial ability. This perspective enables the identification of strengths and weaknesses in the system's structure from various angles and offers appropriate solutions for enhancement. To accomplish this, the first step involves identifying all variables within the transmission section, encompassing inputs, outputs, and contextual factors. Subsequently, we determine the technical efficiency of each regional power transmission company, taking into account specific inputs and outputs, using meta-frontier technology. The concept of meta-frontier in DEA measures the gap or distance between decision-making units (DMUs) across different boundaries. This approach assumes a unified boundary for all subgroups, enabling efficiency estimation based on a single boundary (Battese, 2004; O'Donnell, 2008). Its primary advantage lies in resolving the challenge of evaluating efficiency at varying levels. As a result, meta-frontier technology enhances the precision of evaluating regional power companies over multiple periods. After assessing the efficiency of each regional electricity transmission company, we employ the linear regression method to estimate the impact of contextual variables on efficiency, subsequently yielding a measure of managerial ability. Ultimately, we introduce a method for ranking each company based on managerial ability. The advantage of the proposed method is that, in addition to reviewing and analyzing the technical efficiency of each of the companies in the regional electricity transmission sector during different periods, it will be possible to evaluate the managerial ability of each of the companies. Such a perspective allows for companies to be compared from different dimensions. Moreover, providing a new ranking criterion based on managerial ability also facilitates a better and more accurate comparison.
Results
In this study, the performance of Iran's regional power companies was analyzed and evaluated from two systems and management perspectives during the years 1390-1398. Additionally, a new rating criterion based on managerial ability was presented to compare the performance of companies during 9 time periods. In this regard, firstly, the technical efficiency of 16 regional electricity companies during 9 time periods was calculated based on the inputs of the number of employees and receiving energy from neighboring companies and the outputs of sending energy to neighboring companies and delivering energy to distribution companies, using meta-frontier technology and the DEA approach. Then, the effect of contextual variables, such as line length, transformer capacity, and loss magnitude, on the efficiency score of each company was estimated using the ordinary least squares method (OLS). Furthermore, the managerial ability of each company was determined during different periods. Ultimately, a ranking criterion was established based on the results of technical efficiency after removing the effect of contextual variables.
Conclusion
The results of efficiency measurements over 9 time periods indicate that the highest and lowest average efficiencies were observed in the years 1390 and 1398, respectively. Furthermore, it's evident that, in general, the performance of Iran's 16 regional electricity companies exhibited a consistent upward trend from 1390 to 1398. Among the 16 evaluated companies, the Guilan regional electricity company consistently achieved the highest level of efficiency across all 9 time periods, reflecting its strong performance. Conversely, the Fars regional electricity company consistently had the lowest efficiency, indicating its weaker performance compared to other companies. When analyzing the companies' performance by year, it's noteworthy that the Tehran regional electricity company secured the highest rank in 1390, 1391, and 1394, while the Fars regional electricity company held the top spot in the remaining years. In contrast, the Sistan regional electricity company consistently displayed the lowest performance throughout all periods. The assessment of management performance over the 9 time periods indicates that the Kerman regional electricity company demonstrated superior performance from 1390 to 1393, whereas the Guilan regional electricity company excelled from 1394 to 1398, outperforming other companies. Conversely, the Gharb regional electricity company exhibited weaker performance compared to its counterparts. Additionally, the results of the regression analysis highlight a positive relationship between the efficiency score and two variables: line length and transformer capacity. Conversely, the relationship with loss magnitude is observed to be inversely correlated.
supply chain management
Abolfazl Sadeghian; Seyed Mohammad Ali Khatami Firouzabadi; Laya Olfat; maghsoud Amiri
Abstract
Nowadays attending to closed-loop supply chain matter for survival in competitive circumstances not only has been become a controversial topic but also has been considered as a critical topic too. Close loop supply chain has combined to direct and reverse flow (method/ manner). This paper’s goal ...
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Nowadays attending to closed-loop supply chain matter for survival in competitive circumstances not only has been become a controversial topic but also has been considered as a critical topic too. Close loop supply chain has combined to direct and reverse flow (method/ manner). This paper’s goal is presenting a model for inventory control in closed loop supply chain by multiple objective approach. This research intends to reach it's main goal including reduce expenses such as production, maintenance, transportation in direct flow also decrease the waste material and defective in reverse flow and in conclusion increase the company’s profit by desingning and optimizing multiple objective model. Hence a double purpose model in closed-loop supply chain consists three classes direct flow in which conclude suppliers, manufactures and customers. Furthermore this consists four classes in reverse flow that concludes: collection centers, inspection, repair centers, recycling centers and disposal centers. According to the article’s model, which is multipurpose, linear and integer, At the beginning the model convert to single objective by Weighting and Constraint method and then is solved by using Branch and bound algorithm and Lingo software. Finally, the model extended in Iran Khodro Company as a study case and its function validated. Results and output of model solving demonstrate its capability to be useful for planning and inventory control in closed-loop supply chain.
Industrial management
maryam parandvarFoumani; reza radfar; abbas Tolouie Ashlaghi
Abstract
Scientific and technological developments, especially in the field of information and communication technology, have caused significant changes in people's daily lives, and remote work has been promoted as a new approach in managing work and performing activities, especially in the conditions created ...
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Scientific and technological developments, especially in the field of information and communication technology, have caused significant changes in people's daily lives, and remote work has been promoted as a new approach in managing work and performing activities, especially in the conditions created by the Corona pandemic. This study examines the concept of remote work in a special framework that includes the Corona period and the fifth industrial revolution and emphasizes the need for comprehensive scientific attention and innovative methods. To solve these challenges, this research presents a comprehensive model by applying the soft systems methodology (SSM), which takes into account the perspectives and limitations of different stakeholders and aims to increase the implementation of remote work. Using systematic methods and qualitative data analysis, this study develops the model in a flexible and comprehensive way. In addition, it highlights the role of technology, organizational culture and management strategies in reducing social isolation and increasing telework efficiency. The findings emphasize the dynamic aspect of the remote work ecosystem and emphasize the importance of multifaceted solutions for organizational success in the era of the fifth industrial revolution.
Industrial management
Mohsen Keramatpanah; Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard; Maghsoud Amiri; Mehdi Mehdi Shamizanjani
Abstract
With the expansion of digital technologies and fundamental changes in the financial services ecosystem, the banking industry is facing new challenges on the path toward sustainable development. In this regard, the present study aims to propose a model for achieving sustainability in digital banking within ...
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With the expansion of digital technologies and fundamental changes in the financial services ecosystem, the banking industry is facing new challenges on the path toward sustainable development. In this regard, the present study aims to propose a model for achieving sustainability in digital banking within Iran’s private banking sector. To this end, key variables were initially identified through a review of the relevant literature and subsequently validated using the fuzzy Delphi method with input from subject matter experts. To analyze the relationships among the variables and determine their systemic structure, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) was employed. Subsequently, a comprehensive digital banking sustainability model was developed and simulated using a system dynamics approach and related software tools. The results of the model analysis indicate that the development of technological infrastructure, enhancement of information security, improvement of customer experience, effective collaboration with regulatory bodies, and standardization of digital processes are key drivers in realizing sustainability in digital banking. Scenario analysis further reveals that simultaneous improvement of these components, by reinforcing positive feedback loops, can lead to sustainable growth and lasting competitive advantage for private banks. In this context, attention to sustainability requirements in digital banking and the development of related models can contribute to reducing operational costs in the banking network, optimizing energy consumption, increasing financial inclusion, and delivering more efficient services, thereby facilitating sustainable development. The primary contribution of this study is the development of an analytical and practical framework based on system dynamics modeling, which can support private banks in formulating strategies for sustainable digital transformation and serve as a roadmap for improving their economic, social, and environmental performance. The findings of this research can assist policymakers, banking executives, and researchers in the digital banking domain to better understand the factors influencing sustainability and to design effective interventions.IntroductionAs the banking industry experiences rapid digitalization driven by emerging technologies and evolving customer expectations, the necessity of aligning digital transformation with sustainability imperatives has become increasingly evident. This shift transcends traditional financial performance and calls for banking institutions to engage with social and environmental responsibilities while sustaining innovation. Particularly in developing economies such as Iran, the dual challenge of digital modernization and sustainable development presents a unique strategic frontier. In response to these dynamics, the present study proposes a comprehensive and dynamic model of sustainable digital banking, focusing on the private banking sector in Iran.Research BackgroundWhile digitalization and sustainability have been widely studied, there exists a significant gap in integrated models that account for the systemic interactions between the two domains. The prevailing literature tends to analyze digital banking from a technological perspective, often overlooking its environmental and social consequences (Del Carmen, 2022; Migliorelli & Dessertine, 2023). Similarly, sustainability-focused frameworks rarely include the disruptive potential of digital technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and mobile banking. Some studies have suggested the relevance of digital sustainability in areas like waste reduction, financial inclusion, and eco-efficiency (Castro et al., 2021; Di Vaio et al., 2021), yet empirical applications remain sparse. By building on these foundations, this research aims to bridge conceptual and practical gaps by designing a policy-oriented, simulation-based model grounded in a system thinking approach.Materials and MethodsThis study adopted a hybrid methodology by integrating three complementary techniques—Fuzzy Delphi, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), and System Dynamics (SD). Initially, a structured literature review spanning 2016 to 2023 was conducted using scholarly databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar. This led to the identification of 26 preliminary variables, which were refined and validated through expert consensus using the Fuzzy Delphi method. Experts were selected based on their experience in digital transformation initiatives and their roles in IT, innovation, or strategic planning within private banks. The Delphi rounds applied fuzzy logic to quantify agreement levels, ensuring rigor in variable selection. To structure the relationships among the validated variables, ISM was employed. This method facilitated the construction of a hierarchical framework to determine which variables serve as inputs, intermediaries, and outputs in the sustainability process. The final phase involved constructing a system dynamics model with feedback loops and flow diagrams to simulate the behavior of key sustainability indicators over time and under different scenarios. The sustainability model incorporated variables reflecting organizational, technological, social, and environmental dimensions. These include elements such as process improvement, trust, profitability, service quality, digital culture, smart leadership, electronic KYC, stakeholder satisfaction, employee welfare, and business model adaptability. By embedding these interconnected elements into the system structure, the model is designed to capture the complexity of digital sustainability transitions in a banking context.Data Analysis and FindingsThe system dynamics model as shown in Figure (1) was simulated across multiple scenarios to understand how different policy strategies would influence long-term outcomes. The simulation process ensured that model behavior aligned with historical data and logical expectations. Scenario analysis provided valuable insights into how banks can prioritize investments and strategic decisions to balance economic growth with sustainability. For instance, increasing investment in digital infrastructure and employee training led to noticeable gains in trust, customer acquisition, and organizational resilience. Similarly, enhancing authentication systems and E-KYC protocols improved operational efficiency while supporting environmental and social performance through reduced paperwork and increased accessibility. Findings confirmed that sustainability in digital banking is best achieved through a synergistic approach that combines internal cultural transformation with technological innovation and regulatory collaboration. Variables such as digital culture, smart leadership, and business model flexibility played a central role in facilitating systemic resilience. The results emphasize that merely focusing on digital upgrades is insufficient without aligning human capital and governance frameworks with sustainability objectives. Scenario comparisons further revealed that a balanced investment strategy targeting both operational excellence and environmental awareness yields the most robust outcomes.Figure 1:SD model ConclusionThe results of this research highlight the imperative for private banks in Iran and similar emerging markets to adopt integrated strategies that harmonize digital transformation with sustainability goals. This study makes a significant contribution by constructing and validating a system dynamics model that incorporates 26 interdependent variables derived from theory and practice, offering a holistic view of the sustainability landscape in digital banking. The model is unique in that it not only captures the technological enablers of sustainable banking but also embeds social and environmental dimensions, reflecting the true complexity of this transformation. The integration of Fuzzy Delphi and ISM methods with SD modeling allows for both structural clarity and dynamic simulation, enabling banks to test and adjust strategies before implementation. By embedding feedback loops and behavioral equations, the model delivers actionable insights into how various factors—such as trust, service quality, organizational agility, and stakeholder alignment—can collectively drive sustainability in the digital era. This comprehensive approach moves beyond linear planning, providing a real-time decision-making tool for managers, regulators, and researchers alike.Further Research IdeasFuture research can extend the current model by integrating real-time behavioral data through machine learning algorithms or agent-based modeling, offering more granular and predictive insights. Comparative studies across multiple banking systems or geographic regions would also enhance generalizability. In addition, introducing ESG indicators and green finance parameters could further enrich the environmental scope of the model. Finally, longitudinal studies using historical banking data can help validate the dynamic behavior of the system across different economic cycles.Managerial SuggestionsFrom a managerial perspective, several strategic recommendations emerge. First, banks should prioritize long-term investment in digital literacy and workforce development to foster a resilient culture aligned with sustainability values. Second, integrating advanced E-KYC and biometric verification tools can enhance customer trust and operational transparency. Third, collaborative governance involving fintechs, third parties, and regulatory bodies is essential for ecosystem resilience. Fourth, it is crucial to continuously monitor and update business models to reflect technological, societal, and environmental shifts. Finally, the adoption of sustainability-oriented performance metrics should be institutionalized to ensure that growth and digitalization are guided by ethical and ecological responsibility
Ali Mohtashami; Ali Fallahian-Najafabadi
Volume 11, Issue 31 , January 2014, , Pages 55-84
Abstract
In today’s competitive world, the organizations decide to establish competitive benefits by making benefit from management sciences. One of the most important management sciences arisen lots of so useful matters is the supply chain. The supply chain management is the evolved result of warehousing ...
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In today’s competitive world, the organizations decide to establish competitive benefits by making benefit from management sciences. One of the most important management sciences arisen lots of so useful matters is the supply chain. The supply chain management is the evolved result of warehousing management and is regarded as one of the infrastructure and important concepts for implementing the career so that in many of them it is essentially tried to shorten the time between the customer’s order and the real time of delivering the goods. Cross docking is one of the most important alternatives for lowering the time in supply chain. The central aim of this paper is to focus on optimizing the planning of the trucks input and output aiming to minimize total time of operation inside the supply chain in designed model. Timing the transportation in this paper makes the time between sources and destinations, time of unloading and transferring the products minimized. To find the optimum answers to the question, genetic algorithms and the particle swarm optimization have been used. Then, these algorithms have been compared with the standards such as the implementation time and quality of answers with each other and then better algorithms in each standard identified.
Seyyed Mohammad Aarabi; Reza Armanpoor
Volume 2, Issue 7 , December 2004, , Pages 57-81
Abstract
The present article is a result of application research in the field of improvement of bank services by the use of QFD method. QFD is means which translates actual nees of customers to specifications of product services. The needs of customers are gathered by a modern and structured method in QFD. Considering ...
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The present article is a result of application research in the field of improvement of bank services by the use of QFD method. QFD is means which translates actual nees of customers to specifications of product services. The needs of customers are gathered by a modern and structured method in QFD. Considering the organizational resources and capabilities of organization the needs or demands are answered.
With regard to the title of article the use of QFD technique in assessing of physical specifications of band branches the main purpose is to determine of customers points of view as to values which are expected of the quality of physical aspects of the branches. Also in the article we have compared the amount of answering to customer needs and expectations in refah band to other branches. Also in the article we have compared the amount of answering to customer needs and expectations in refah bank to other competitors as well as to assess their points of view as to required technical obligations and to design a proper pattern for assessing of physical specifications of the branches.
Considering the importance of marketing and selecting of the physical aspects and specifications among them we have interviewed customer and in order to determine their importance we have designed a questionnaire for customer based on the process of AHP. And we have assessed the technical specifications and obligations which will answer the needs by the help of expects and proficient in this field. Further we have determined the operation of band and its competitors in doing the desired needs of customers as well as their technical demands and obligations according to QFD technique in HOQ.
Finally we have presented the proper pattern acquired by the above matrix to assess the physical specifications for absolute branches of the Refah Bank.
Mohammad Reza Taghva; Hadi Esmaeilzadeh; Amir Mohtarami
Volume 3, Issue 9 , June 2005, , Pages 57-71
Abstract
Rapid development of applications of information technology in the third millennium and its enormous effects on the value chain of enterprises has imposed a strategic nature to this kind of technology. It is obvious that due to the influential role of information technology and its impact on enterprises ...
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Rapid development of applications of information technology in the third millennium and its enormous effects on the value chain of enterprises has imposed a strategic nature to this kind of technology. It is obvious that due to the influential role of information technology and its impact on enterprises we require to have a strategic view towards management of this technology.
In this paper we primarily introduce a brief history of the evolution of information technology and then we elaborate on the evolution of the various approaches of planning for information technology the main focus of each of the approaches in the planning process and various conditions and origins of every approach. These approaches are technological approach which focuses on efficiency alignment approach which focuses on change management and organizational change. Then we categorize and classify various information technology strategic planning models based on previously mentioned approaches of planning for information technology so that it can be helpful for information technology planners to choose their information technology strategic planning model based on an appropriate approach more conveniently.
mohammadamin nayebi; abouzar parsanejhad; mohammad reza parsanejhad
Volume 11, Issue 29 , July 2013, , Pages 61-87
Abstract
In this paper, we present a MCDM model for vendor selection of Telecommunications systems. Decision making in Telecommunications systems (Central) is more important because of their communicational role in organizations. Considering the multiple criteria in the vendor selection of telecommunications ...
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In this paper, we present a MCDM model for vendor selection of Telecommunications systems. Decision making in Telecommunications systems (Central) is more important because of their communicational role in organizations. Considering the multiple criteria in the vendor selection of telecommunications systems is a multi-criteria problem. Because these decisions usually are based on the intellectual judgments of managers, Fuzzy logic is used to improve decision making. Literature review and experts opinions used for determining the model indexes and then developed a Fuzzy TOPSIS model with combined weighs. Combined weights are result of integrating various methods such as intellectual judgment of managers, Fuzzy statistical average, modified weight and fuzzy weigh. In this model all numbers are Fuzzy and triangular type. A case study done in Qazvin Islamic Azad University to apply the developed model.
seddigheh khorshid; samad nojavan
Volume 11, Issue 28 , April 2013, , Pages 61-97
Abstract
Competitiveness is core of businesses in market economics. It means the ability and performance of a firm, sub-sector or a country to sell and supply goods and/or service in a given market. Porter's competitiveness forces model is one of the most well-known framework for analyzing the competitiveness ...
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Competitiveness is core of businesses in market economics. It means the ability and performance of a firm, sub-sector or a country to sell and supply goods and/or service in a given market. Porter's competitiveness forces model is one of the most well-known framework for analyzing the competitiveness of firms, that has been extensively used to develop and formulate the competitive strategies of firms in order to increase their competitive edge. The aim of this article is to be measure and analyze Irankhodro firm's competitiveness with using Porter's competitiveness forces model to select a competitive strategy. A questionnaire survey is conducted for collecting research data from Irankhodro firm's managers and expert employees. Then research data is analyzed by fuzzy model based on integrating fuzzy AHP and DEA.The findings of research show: a. the most important of competitive forces with which Irankhodro firm faces, are rival firms competitive intensity and the threat of entry of new competitors. B. Irandkhodro firm was fierce with high fix cost, perceived level differentiation, exist barriers allocation per value added, degree of differentiation of inputs, supplier concentration to firm concentration ratio, buyer propensity to substitutes, switching costs of suppliers relative to firms switching cost. These sub-factors can decrease Irankhodro firm's competitiveness level. C. Irankhodro firm's competitiveness level is moderate, and focus strategy based on cost leadership is the most proper of competitive strategy in order to sustain and enhance competitive power
Laya Olfat; Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
Volume 8, Issue 21 , June 2011, , Pages 63-83
Abstract
Nowadays, inventory management has a significant importance in supply chain. In supply chain management literature, inventory control and minimizing inventory-related cost are a main challenges confronting the managers. One of the issues attracting the attention of most researchers is determining the ...
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Nowadays, inventory management has a significant importance in supply chain. In supply chain management literature, inventory control and minimizing inventory-related cost are a main challenges confronting the managers. One of the issues attracting the attention of most researchers is determining the level of safety stock in such a way that enables us to reach appropriate fill rate. In this paper, a non-linear model to determine the level of safety stock in different components of supply chain is presented with the aim of minimizing the safety stock-related cost.
Seyyed Mohammad Aarabi; Soheil Sarmad Saeedi
Volume 2, Issue 6 , September 2004, , Pages 65-88
Abstract
Electronic commerce phenomenon is a necessity for business in the 21st century. For applying of this new technology, direct and indirect environmental principals which are essential for developing of export shell ...
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Electronic commerce phenomenon is a necessity for business in the 21st century. For applying of this new technology, direct and indirect environmental principals which are essential for developing of export shell study, review and revise.
In addition merchants and other stakeholders which are involved in business must be enough knowledgeable in electron commerce. For achievement of above purposes,l) principals and environmental obstacles should be specified and prioritized, and then 2) the importance coefficients should be determined and finally 3) a proper pattern for implementing of electronic commerce will be submitted.
In the attached article the steps which was shown above are completely performed.By studying the relevant factors in 73 developed and developing countries a proper pattern for applying of electronic commerce has been considered in Iran. In addition a number of suggestions In commensurate with research results has been proposed.
Seyed Mohammad Aarabi; Marjan Fayyazi
Volume 4, Issue 13 , June 2006, , Pages 67-88
Abstract
Modem organizations face unprecedented challenges in today’s fast- paced, high-tech, information-based competitive environments. Employees empowerment is a powerful tool for managers and leaders that lead to competitive advantages. The concepts and theories of empowerment developed but The meaning ...
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Modem organizations face unprecedented challenges in today’s fast- paced, high-tech, information-based competitive environments. Employees empowerment is a powerful tool for managers and leaders that lead to competitive advantages. The concepts and theories of empowerment developed but The meaning of empowerment as used in the literature has, however, been quite vague because the existence of integrated approach to these theories have neglected. In this paper, after present historical context, key concepts, and critical analysis about empowerment, we developed a new model (typology) based on Burrell and Morgan's paradigm included functionalist empowerment, structuralist empowerment, interpretive empowerment and humanist empowerment.
Mehdi Seifbarghy; Chero Ziaei Naghshbandi
Volume 9, Issue 24 , March 2012, , Pages 67-84
Abstract
In this paper, a Decision Support System (DSS) is developed in order to evaluate customers. The addressed system can specially be applied in captive markets. This paper extends Chamodrakas et al. [8] in which the customer evaluation in order to customer selection is executed using a fuzzy TOPSIS method. ...
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In this paper, a Decision Support System (DSS) is developed in order to evaluate customers. The addressed system can specially be applied in captive markets. This paper extends Chamodrakas et al. [8] in which the customer evaluation in order to customer selection is executed using a fuzzy TOPSIS method. The proposed DSS includes 6 different models and the user can select among them. The system is coded utilizing C# programming language. To present the system performance, some parts of the system are presented along with a numerical problem.
Sayed Heidar Mirfakhredini1; Masoud Pourhamidi; Faeze Sadat Mirfakhradini3
Volume 10, Issue 27 , January 2012, , Pages 68-93
Abstract
Despite the extensive use of failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) inthe manufacturing and services, emphasis on the results of this method withconcern to the disadvantages such as providing definitive results is notcorrect. This paper tries to clarify the main disadvantages of FMEAconventional method ...
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Despite the extensive use of failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) inthe manufacturing and services, emphasis on the results of this method withconcern to the disadvantages such as providing definitive results is notcorrect. This paper tries to clarify the main disadvantages of FMEAconventional method and explain the concept of cluster analysis andspecifications of different models of C-Means to classify harmful modes andeffects in the steel making factory of Iran's alloy steel company using FMEAand fuzzy clustering techniques. In this context, homogeneous harmfulmodes and effects based on occurrence, severity and frequency indicatorswith Fuzzy C-Means clustering (FCM) were identified. In this study, thefuzzy cluster analysis in terms of before and after improvement wasperformed by Data Engine 4.0 software. The results of this research will beuseful for researchers, managers, and safety professionals for developingpractical strategies in order to prevent the consequences of harmful modesand effects
Akbar Alam Tabriz; Hamed Abdollahi
Volume 3, Issue 10 , September 2005, , Pages 69-81
Abstract
Value engineering is a collection of the organized and creative arts and skills which are guided to analyze the function of the product or the system. They aim to realize these functions with the minimum costs. Khorassan Pooya Gostar Company is the largest contractor of the Iranian car manufactures has ...
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Value engineering is a collection of the organized and creative arts and skills which are guided to analyze the function of the product or the system. They aim to realize these functions with the minimum costs. Khorassan Pooya Gostar Company is the largest contractor of the Iranian car manufactures has to make endeavors to provide the rubber parts of disparate types of cars along with Iran’s industry to make its products competitive. Considering the high manufacturing expenditures the wastage quantity the manufacturing period and the low quality of the products the working procedures of this company has been set on the management agenda to solve the aforementioned quandaries through implementation of the value engineering methodology. This research is among the applied ones due to the objective type but considering the data gathering tools it is classified as descriptive researches. This research has been carried out based on the international American value engineering association during 3 chief stages by following the executive steps of each stage. The required information of the project and its objectives were done during the pre-study stage. The process components were identified during 6 steps in the next stage known as the value analysis. The function of each component was defined. Some proposals were proffered for each function. Having summarized and evaluated these suggestions the final scenario was proffered to be implemented. The results of implementing the proposals were registered and collated with the previous situation in the final stage namely the comprehensive study. After the implementation of the research and the proposed scenario the results were summarized which evince the amelioration of the manufacturing section of the company in all the fields. It is noteworthy that these results demonstrate 2 percent cost reduction 14 percent waste quantity 5 percent manufacturing velocity and the 100 percent quality rating.
M. Ansari; J. Salehi Sadaghiani
Volume 2, Issue 5 , June 2004, , Pages 71-89
Abstract
Modern and new technologies have changed the management view and the methods of problem solving and management of organizations. For effectively managing the organizations at todays changing environment managers should view different global economic, social, political and legal conditions and must pay ...
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Modern and new technologies have changed the management view and the methods of problem solving and management of organizations. For effectively managing the organizations at todays changing environment managers should view different global economic, social, political and legal conditions and must pay attention to factors such as developing deformation and communication technologies and changing customers expectations. For with respect to each condition and factor they needs appropriate information to increase their knowledge and decrease their uncertainty to have effective performance. In this way it seems necessary to consider information technologies and total quality management and understand their impact on efficiency and effectiveness.
In this article through citing the relationships between information technology and total quality management we attempt to examine their impact on organizations efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore we study the concepts of effectiveness efficiency and productivity and then point to the relationships between information technology and total quality management and to the impact of these relationships on organizations efficiency and effectiveness. Because, today managers' attitudes and views to quality in firms is new. Production with desired quality requires not only clear definition of goals, specific policies and procedures for each part of work and each stage of process but also real time inspection, measurement and documentation systems.
Jamshid Salehi Sadaghiani; Maryam Akhavan; Majid Babolhavaeji
Volume 3, Issue 8 , March 2005, , Pages 71-93
Abstract
Customer relationship management and business to business model are two major factors in success of modern trade. It is that for development of electronic business in Iran entering to purpose. CRM is a point of view that emphasizes on the cooperation order to create value. This view point which is the ...
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Customer relationship management and business to business model are two major factors in success of modern trade. It is that for development of electronic business in Iran entering to purpose. CRM is a point of view that emphasizes on the cooperation order to create value. This view point which is the result of recent improvement of information technology wants to improve the relationship between the stakeholders to satisfy the requirements of the customer collecting data. Therefore it is important to satisfy the available customer and have a long range relationship with them.
Electronic business helps management to keep to relationship customers in the new century which new methods are available distribution in the extended geography and support the distribution marketing. Although these two have different sections but they have sections. Integration of these two elements have very benefits on sale service to the customers and informational support of business process.
Fattah Sharifzadeh
Volume 8, Issue 18 , September 2010, , Pages 71-104
Abstract
Today, different types of proactive organizations can be classified in service and industrial organization sectors. The first types of organizations are located in developing countries and have had brood- based activities. The second type organizations operate developed countries and are more important ...
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Today, different types of proactive organizations can be classified in service and industrial organization sectors. The first types of organizations are located in developing countries and have had brood- based activities. The second type organizations operate developed countries and are more important in terms of value creation and economic operations. What is apparent in literature review and conceptual model and theory is that, the respective issues are more relevant to industrial organizations which have measurable tangible activity and performance. Therefore, service organizations are to utilize knowledge in accordance with its environment and structure.
In this research, quality findings enable organizational managers to improve and present better service quality and operations. Regarding this issue, literature on organizational excellence models is reviewed. After identifying scientific dimensions of subject matter, with respect to expert knowledge and executive managers who are involved in service, and industrial organizations, an excellence model is analyzed and introduced. All data collected and evaluated regarding: Deming, Baldrige EFQM (the European Foundation for Quality Management and CAF (Common assessment Framework), theoretical Excellence model evaluated thoroughly by all organizational managers working repeatedly and continuously in strategic, technical and scientific committees throughout IDCO organizations. Thereby final conceptual excellence model approved and authorized by organization for implementation.
Reza salami; Hadi Ramezani; Sima Sedighi Gariz; Ahmad Jamali
Volume 9, Issue 23 , December 2011, , Pages 71-96
Abstract
Today, foreign investment is known as one of the most important sources of funding and technology transfer modes in developing countries, that is because foreign investment, in comparison to domestic investment, includes competitive advantages such as accessibility to sufficient information, managerial ...
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Today, foreign investment is known as one of the most important sources of funding and technology transfer modes in developing countries, that is because foreign investment, in comparison to domestic investment, includes competitive advantages such as accessibility to sufficient information, managerial skills, advanced technology and valid sources of funding., Due to high demand of large expenses and advanced technologies, foreign investment is a necessary and inevitable issue in oil refinery industries. In related to multiplicity of foreign investment modes, selecting the right mode of investment has been as one of the strategic decisions for investee countries. The present research, therefore, is designed to identify and prioritize the different modes of foreign investment in oil refinery industries. This paper is based on a research, descriptive-survey methodology. To analyze the gathering data used in this paper is based on statically and multinational attribute decision making techniques. The final results illustrates that using investment mode like Built, Operation, Transfer (BOT) has been considered to be the best method in comparison with other modes in this oil refinery industry.
Mahnaz Afrasiyabi; Ahmad Sadeghi
Abstract
Models presented in inventory management, encompass varied parameters. Primary factor in classic models related to determination of the economical ordering quantity (EOQ) and the economical production quantity (EPQ), is to consider parameters like the setup cost, the holding cost and the demand rate, ...
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Models presented in inventory management, encompass varied parameters. Primary factor in classic models related to determination of the economical ordering quantity (EOQ) and the economical production quantity (EPQ), is to consider parameters like the setup cost, the holding cost and the demand rate, to be fixed. This characteristic leads to a great difference among the quantity of the economical ordering obtained in classic models and real-word conditions. For instance, It should be stated that not only the holding costs of spoiled and useless products are not always fixed, but also, they would be increased by passing time. This article is an attempt to develop classical EOQ and EPQ models by considering holding and purchasing cost as an increasing continuous function of the ordering cycle time. Due to the complexity of the considered problem, two meta-heuristic algorithms, including Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) are developed. Optimizing service level is considered as one of main apprehension in management science, that’s why increasing service level optimization would be evaluated as the second objective. As the performance of meta-heuristic algorithms is significantly influenced by calibrating their parameters, Taguchi methodology has been used to tune the parameters of the developed algorithms
Reza Vaezi; Fatemah Vosooghi
Volume 8, Issue 19 , December 2010, , Pages 73-96
Abstract
This article scrutinizes the Relationship between implementing organizational excellence model and improving human resource productivity in Tehran Oil Refinery. In order to clarify this relationship, one main hypothesis and 5 subsidiary hypotheses are defined. The main hypothesis states that there is ...
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This article scrutinizes the Relationship between implementing organizational excellence model and improving human resource productivity in Tehran Oil Refinery. In order to clarify this relationship, one main hypothesis and 5 subsidiary hypotheses are defined. The main hypothesis states that there is a positive relationship between Implementing Organizational Excellence Model and Improving Human Resource Productivity in the refinery. In this research we studied the relationship over the period June 22th 2008 - June 21th 2009 and the people who were involved in this research include both managers and employees of the Refinery. The data is gathered by using a questionnaire. We have used the stratified sampling approach and the Sample has been composed of 84 people (66 employees and 18 managers). Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings verify the main hypothesis. At the end, we propose some ways of using our findings in practice.
