Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Abstract
Competitiveness is core of businesses in market economics. It means the ability and performance of a firm, sub-sector or a country to sell and supply goods and/or service in a given market. Porter's competitiveness forces model is one of the most well-known framework for analyzing the competitiveness of firms, that has been extensively used to develop and formulate the competitive strategies of firms in order to increase their competitive edge. The aim of this article is to be measure and analyze Irankhodro firm's competitiveness with using Porter's competitiveness forces model to select a competitive strategy. A questionnaire survey is conducted for collecting research data from Irankhodro firm's managers and expert employees. Then research data is analyzed by fuzzy model based on integrating fuzzy AHP and DEA.The findings of research show: a. the most important of competitive forces with which Irankhodro firm faces, are rival firms competitive intensity and the threat of entry of new competitors. B. Irandkhodro firm was fierce with high fix cost, perceived level differentiation, exist barriers allocation per value added, degree of differentiation of inputs, supplier concentration to firm concentration ratio, buyer propensity to substitutes, switching costs of suppliers relative to firms switching cost. These sub-factors can decrease Irankhodro firm's competitiveness level. C. Irankhodro firm's competitiveness level is moderate, and focus strategy based on cost leadership is the most proper of competitive strategy in order to sustain and enhance competitive power
Keywords
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9. Cakir,O., Canbolat,M.,A Web-based decision support system for multi-criteria inventory classification using fuzzy AHP methodology, Expert Systems with Applications, 35, pp.1367-1378, 2008.
10. Camanho, A.S., Dyson, R.G.,Cost efficiency measurement with price uncertainty: a DEA application to bank brand assessments, European Journal of operation Research, 161, pp.432-446, 2005.
11. Charnes, A., Cooper,W W., Rhides, E., Measuring the efficiency of decision making units, European journal of operational research, 2, , pp. 429-444. 1978.
12. Chen,T., Chien, C.F., Wang, J.T., Lin, M. H., Using DEA to evaluate R&D performance of The computers and peripherals firms in Taiwan, International Journal of Business, 9 (4), pp. 347-359, 2004.
13. Chen, A.,Hwang,Y.,Shao,B.,Measurement and sources of overall and input inefficiencies:evidences and implication in Hospital services, European Journal of Operational research,161, pp.447-468. 2005.
14. Chen, X., Skully, M., Brown, K., Banking efficiency in china: application of DEA to pre- and post- deregulation eras, 1993-2000, Economic Review,16, pp. 229-245, 2005.
15. Chen,T.Y., Chen, L.H.,DEA performance evaluation based on BSC indicators incorporated: the case of semiconductors industry, International Journal of Productivity and performance Management, 56(4), pp. 335-357, 2007.
26 مطالعات مدیریت صنعتی، سال یازدهم، شماره 62 ، بهار 26
16. Chen, T., Wang, Y-C., A fuzzy set approach for evaluating and enhancing the mid-term competitiveness of a semiconductor factory, Fuzzy Sets and Systems,160, pp.569–585, 2009.
17. Cheng, C.H.,Yang, K.L., Hwang, C.L.,Evaluating attack helicopters by AHP based on linguistic variable weight, European Journal of Operational Research,116, pp.423- 435, 1999.
18. Chien, C. F., Lo, F.Y., Lin, J.T., Using DEA to measure the relative efficiency of the service center and improve operation efficiency through reorganization, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,18(1), pp. 366-373, 2003.
19. Coates, T. T., McDermott, C. M., An exploratory analysis of new competencies:a resource based view perspective,Journal of Operations Management, 20, pp.435- 450, 2002.
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21. Cook, W.D., Seiford, L. M., Data envelopment analysis (DEA) -Thirty years on, European Journal of Operational Research, 192, 2009, pp.1-17.
22. Corbett,C., Wassenhove,L.V., Trade-offs / What trade-offs? Competence and competitiveness in manufacturing, California Management Review, 35940, 1993, pp.107-122.
23. Cracolici, M. F., Nijkamp, P.,The attractiveness and competitiveness of tourist destinations:a study of Southern Italian regions, Tourism management, 30, pp.336-344, 2008.
24. Dagdeviren, M., Yuksel, I., A fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) model for measurement of the sectoral competition level (SCL), Expert systems with Application, 37, pp. 1005-1014, 2009.
25. Easton, L., Murphy, D.J., Pearson, J. N., Purchasing performance evaluating: with data envelopment analysis, European Journal pf Purxhasing & Supply Management 8, pp.123-134, 2002.
26. Edirisinghe, N.C.P., Zhang, X.,Generalized DEA model of fundamental analysis and its application to portfolio optimization, journal Bank, finance, Journal of Banking & Finance, 31, pp. 3311 –3335, 2007.
27. Erbetta, E., Rappouli, L., Optimal scale in the Italian gas distribution industry using data envelopment analysis, OMGA, the international journal of management science, 36, pp.325-336, 2008.
28. Eren, E., Stratejik Yonetim ve Isleme Politikasi, Istanbul: Beta Yayinlari, 2002.
29. Ertay,T., Ruan, D.,Tuzkaya, U.R., Integrating data envelopment analysis and analytic hierarchy for the facility layout design in manufacturing systems, Information Science,176, pp.237-262. 2006
30. Feurer, R., Chaharbaghi, K., Defining competitiveness: a holistic approach, Management Decision, 32 (20),pp. 49-58, 1994.
31. Ghemawat, P.,Commitment: The ynamics of strategy, Free Press, New York, 1990.
32. Golec, A., Taskin, H., Novel methodologies and a comparative study for manufacturing systems performance evaluations, Information Science, 177, 2007, pp. 5253-5274.
33. Guo,J.Y., Liu, J., Qiu, L., Research on supply chain performance evaluation based on DEA/AHP
2. Avkiran, N. K., Rowlands,T., How to better identify the true managerical performance: state of art using DEA. Omega, 36, pp. 317-324, 2008.
3. Azadeh, A., Ghaderi, S. F., Izadbakhsh, H. Integration of DEA and AHP with computer simulation for railway system improvement and optimization, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 19, pp. 775-785. 2008.
4. Banwet, J., Banwet, D. K., Deshmukh, S.G., Evaluating performance of national R&D organizations using integrated DEA-AHP technique, International Journal of productivity and performance management, 57(5), pp. 370-388, 2008.
5. Barua, A., Brockett, P. L., Cooper,W.W., Deng, H., Parker, B. R., Ruefli, T.W., Whinston, A., DEA evaluation of long - and short - run efficiencies of digital, vs. physical product 'dot con' companies', Socio-economic Planning Sciences, 38, pp.233-253, 2004.
6. Bowen,W,M., Subjective judgments and data envelopment analysis in site selection, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 14(2), pp.133-144, 1990.
7. Bozbura, F. T., Beskese, A., Kahraman, C., Prioritization of human capital measurement indicaors using fuzzy AHP, Expert Systems with Applications, 32, pp. 1100-1112, 2007.
8. Buckley, P. J., Pass, C; L., Prescott, K., Measures of international competitiveness: a critical survey, Journal Marketing Management, 4(2), pp.175-200, 1988.
9. Cakir,O., Canbolat,M.,A Web-based decision support system for multi-criteria inventory classification using fuzzy AHP methodology, Expert Systems with Applications, 35, pp.1367-1378, 2008.
10. Camanho, A.S., Dyson, R.G.,Cost efficiency measurement with price uncertainty: a DEA application to bank brand assessments, European Journal of operation Research, 161, pp.432-446, 2005.
11. Charnes, A., Cooper,W W., Rhides, E., Measuring the efficiency of decision making units, European journal of operational research, 2, , pp. 429-444. 1978.
12. Chen,T., Chien, C.F., Wang, J.T., Lin, M. H., Using DEA to evaluate R&D performance of The computers and peripherals firms in Taiwan, International Journal of Business, 9 (4), pp. 347-359, 2004.
13. Chen, A.,Hwang,Y.,Shao,B.,Measurement and sources of overall and input inefficiencies:evidences and implication in Hospital services, European Journal of Operational research,161, pp.447-468. 2005.
14. Chen, X., Skully, M., Brown, K., Banking efficiency in china: application of DEA to pre- and post- deregulation eras, 1993-2000, Economic Review,16, pp. 229-245, 2005.
15. Chen,T.Y., Chen, L.H.,DEA performance evaluation based on BSC indicators incorporated: the case of semiconductors industry, International Journal of Productivity and performance Management, 56(4), pp. 335-357, 2007.
26 مطالعات مدیریت صنعتی، سال یازدهم، شماره 62 ، بهار 26
16. Chen, T., Wang, Y-C., A fuzzy set approach for evaluating and enhancing the mid-term competitiveness of a semiconductor factory, Fuzzy Sets and Systems,160, pp.569–585, 2009.
17. Cheng, C.H.,Yang, K.L., Hwang, C.L.,Evaluating attack helicopters by AHP based on linguistic variable weight, European Journal of Operational Research,116, pp.423- 435, 1999.
18. Chien, C. F., Lo, F.Y., Lin, J.T., Using DEA to measure the relative efficiency of the service center and improve operation efficiency through reorganization, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,18(1), pp. 366-373, 2003.
19. Coates, T. T., McDermott, C. M., An exploratory analysis of new competencies:a resource based view perspective,Journal of Operations Management, 20, pp.435- 450, 2002.
20. Cook,WD., Bala, K., performance measurement and classification, data in DEA: input-oriented model,OMEA. The international journal of management science, 52, pp.35-39, 2007.
21. Cook, W.D., Seiford, L. M., Data envelopment analysis (DEA) -Thirty years on, European Journal of Operational Research, 192, 2009, pp.1-17.
22. Corbett,C., Wassenhove,L.V., Trade-offs / What trade-offs? Competence and competitiveness in manufacturing, California Management Review, 35940, 1993, pp.107-122.
23. Cracolici, M. F., Nijkamp, P.,The attractiveness and competitiveness of tourist destinations:a study of Southern Italian regions, Tourism management, 30, pp.336-344, 2008.
24. Dagdeviren, M., Yuksel, I., A fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) model for measurement of the sectoral competition level (SCL), Expert systems with Application, 37, pp. 1005-1014, 2009.
25. Easton, L., Murphy, D.J., Pearson, J. N., Purchasing performance evaluating: with data envelopment analysis, European Journal pf Purxhasing & Supply Management 8, pp.123-134, 2002.
26. Edirisinghe, N.C.P., Zhang, X.,Generalized DEA model of fundamental analysis and its application to portfolio optimization, journal Bank, finance, Journal of Banking & Finance, 31, pp. 3311 –3335, 2007.
27. Erbetta, E., Rappouli, L., Optimal scale in the Italian gas distribution industry using data envelopment analysis, OMGA, the international journal of management science, 36, pp.325-336, 2008.
28. Eren, E., Stratejik Yonetim ve Isleme Politikasi, Istanbul: Beta Yayinlari, 2002.
29. Ertay,T., Ruan, D.,Tuzkaya, U.R., Integrating data envelopment analysis and analytic hierarchy for the facility layout design in manufacturing systems, Information Science,176, pp.237-262. 2006
30. Feurer, R., Chaharbaghi, K., Defining competitiveness: a holistic approach, Management Decision, 32 (20),pp. 49-58, 1994.
31. Ghemawat, P.,Commitment: The ynamics of strategy, Free Press, New York, 1990.
32. Golec, A., Taskin, H., Novel methodologies and a comparative study for manufacturing systems performance evaluations, Information Science, 177, 2007, pp. 5253-5274.
33. Guo,J.Y., Liu, J., Qiu, L., Research on supply chain performance evaluation based on DEA/AHP
2006.
34. Hwang, S. N., Chang, T.Y.,Using data envelopment analysis to measure hotel Managerial efficiency change in Taiwan, Tourism Management, 24, pp.357-369, 2003.
35. Haque, I. (Ed),International competitiveness:interaction of the public and private Sectors,Collected papers from EDI Seminar,The World Bank, Washington,1991.
36. Hoskisson, R., Hitt, M.,Wan,W.,Yiu,D.,Theory and research in strategic management: Swings of a pendulum,Journal of Management, 25, pp. 417-456, 1999.
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39. Johnes, J., Measuring teaching efficiency in higher education: an application of data envelopment analysis to economics geaduates from UK Universities 1993, European Journal of operation Research, 174, pp.443-456, 2006.
40. Khorshid, S., Zabiihi,R., A Quantified model for evaluating the brand equity of products using techniques of fuzzy ANP and DEA based on BSC approach, International Journal of Industrial Engineering & Production Management, 21(1), pp.35-47, 2010.
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42. Korpela, J., Lehmusvaara, A., Nisonen, J.,Warehouse operator selection by combining AHP and DEA methodologies, International Journal of Prodection Economy,108, pp.135-142, 2007.
43. Lee, A. H. I., Chen, W-C., Chang,C-J., A fuzzy AHP and BSC approach for evaluating performance of IT department in the manufacturing industry in Taiwan, Expert Systems with Applications, 34, pp.96-107, 2008.
44. Liu, F.H.F.,Hai,H.L.,The voting analytic hierarchy process method for selecting supplier, International Journal of Production Economics, 97 (3), pp. 308-317. 2005.
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50. Mikhailov, L., A fuzzy approach to deriving priorities from interval
22 مطالعات مدیریت صنعتی، سال یازدهم، شماره 62 ، بهار 26
pairwise comparison judgments, European Journal of Operational Research, 159, pp.687-704, 2004.
51. Murtaza, M.B., Fuzzy-AHP application to country risk assessment, American Business Review, 21(2), pp.109-116, 2003.
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تحلیل رقابت جویی و انتخاب استراتژی... 26
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36. Hoskisson, R., Hitt, M.,Wan,W.,Yiu,D.,Theory and research in strategic management: Swings of a pendulum,Journal of Management, 25, pp. 417-456, 1999.
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39. Johnes, J., Measuring teaching efficiency in higher education: an application of data envelopment analysis to economics geaduates from UK Universities 1993, European Journal of operation Research, 174, pp.443-456, 2006.
40. Khorshid, S., Zabiihi,R., A Quantified model for evaluating the brand equity of products using techniques of fuzzy ANP and DEA based on BSC approach, International Journal of Industrial Engineering & Production Management, 21(1), pp.35-47, 2010.
41. Korhonen, P. J., Luptacik, M., Eco-efficiency analysis of power plants an extension of Data envelopment analysis, European Journal of operational Research,154, pp.437- 446, 2004.
42. Korpela, J., Lehmusvaara, A., Nisonen, J.,Warehouse operator selection by combining AHP and DEA methodologies, International Journal of Prodection Economy,108, pp.135-142, 2007.
43. Lee, A. H. I., Chen, W-C., Chang,C-J., A fuzzy AHP and BSC approach for evaluating performance of IT department in the manufacturing industry in Taiwan, Expert Systems with Applications, 34, pp.96-107, 2008.
44. Liu, F.H.F.,Hai,H.L.,The voting analytic hierarchy process method for selecting supplier, International Journal of Production Economics, 97 (3), pp. 308-317. 2005.
45. Man, T.W.Y., Lau, T.,Chan, K. F.,The competitiveness of small and medium enterprises: a conceptualization with focus on entrepreneurial competencies, Journal of Business Venturing, 17, pp.123-142, 2002.
46. Mc Fetridge, D.G.,Competitiveness: concepts and measures, Occasional Paper Number 5, Industry Canada, Department of Economics, Carleton University,1995.
47. Memariani, M.A., Analytical hierarchy process as a modern technique for group decision making, Management Knowledge: Journal of the School of Public and Business University of Tehran, 27 & 28, pp.22-32, 1995.
48. Mikhailov, L.,Fuzzy analytical approach to partnership selection in formation of virtual enterprises, Omega, 30, pp. 393-401, 2002.
49. Mikhailov,L.,Deriving priorities from fuzzy pairwise comparison judgments, Fuzzy sets and systems,134, pp.365-385, 2003.
50. Mikhailov, L., A fuzzy approach to deriving priorities from interval
22 مطالعات مدیریت صنعتی، سال یازدهم، شماره 62 ، بهار 26
pairwise comparison judgments, European Journal of Operational Research, 159, pp.687-704, 2004.
51. Murtaza, M.B., Fuzzy-AHP application to country risk assessment, American Business Review, 21(2), pp.109-116, 2003.
52. Nelson, R., Recent writings on competitive:boxing the compass. California Management Review, 34(2), pp.127-137, 1992.
53. Onut, S., Kara, S.S., Isik, E., Long term supplier selection using a combined fuzzy MCDM approach: A case study for a telecommunication company, Expert Systems with Applications, 34, pp.3887-3895, 2009.
54. Oral, M., An industrial competitiveness model, IIE Transactions, 18(2), pp.148-157,1986.
55. Oral,M., A methodology for competitiveness analysis and strategy formulation in glass industry. European Journal of Operational Research, 68, pp.9-22, 1993.
56. Oral, E. L., Mistikoglu, G., Competitive analysis of the Turkish brick industry-a case study for developing countries, Building and Environment, 42, pp. 416-423, 2007.
57. Ou, C, W., Chou, S.-y., Chang, Y.-H., Using a strategy – aligned fuzzy competitive analysis approach for market segment evaluation and selection, Expert Systems with Application, 36, pp. 527-541, 2009.
58. Paradi,J.C., Schaffnit,C.,Commercial branch performance evaluation and results communication in a Canadian Bank-a DEA application, European Journal of Operational Research,156, pp.719-735, 2004.
59. Porter,M.F.,Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors, New York: The Free Press,1980.
60. Porter, M., Competitive advantage-creating and sustaining superior performance, Free Press, New York,1985.
61. Porter,M.E.,The competitive advantage of nations,New York:The Free Press,1990.
62. Porter, M.,Towards a dynamic theory of strategy,Strategic Mnagement Journal,12, pp.95-117, 1991
63. Porter,M.E.,Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors, New York: The Free Press, 2004.
64. Porter, M. E., Competitive advantage:Creating and Sustaining Superior performance, New York: The Free Press, 2004.
65. Ramasamy,H.,Productivity in the age of competitiveness:focus on manufacturing in Singapore. Productivity in the age Compeitiveness, APO.Monogr Series,16,Asian productivity organization,Tokyo,1995.
66. Saaty, T.L., The Analytic hierarchy process, New York: McGraw-Hill, New York,1980.
67. Saaty, T.L.,fundamentals of decision making and priority theory with the analytic hierarchy process, Pittsburgh:RWS Publications, 2000.
68. Saen, R. F., Memariani, A., LOtfi, F. H., Determining relative efficiency of slightly non- homogeneous decision making units by data envelopment analysis: a case study in IROST, Applied Mathematical and Computation, 165 (2), pp.313-328, 2005.
69. Seifert, L. M., Zhu, J.,Identifying excesses and deficits in Chinese industrial productivity (1953-1990): a weighted data envelopment analysis approach ,Omega, 26 (2), pp.279-296, 1998.
70. Scott, B. R., Lodge, G.C.,U.S. Competitiveness in the world economy,
تحلیل رقابت جویی و انتخاب استراتژی... 26
Boston: Harvard Business school Press,1985.
71. Shafer, S.M., Byrd, T.A., A framework for measuring the efficiency of organizational investments in information technology using data envelopment analysis, Omega, 28, pp.125-141, 2000.
72. Shang,J.,Sueyoshi,T.,A unified framework for the selection of a Flexible Manufacturing System, European Journal of Operational Research, 85 (2), pp.297-315, 1995.
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