نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران

چکیده

زمانبندی شیفت های کار و استراحت یکی از فرایند های برنامه ریزی تولید است که با ارائه جداول زمانی کاری بهینه می تواند زمینه ارتقاء و توسعه سازمان و نیروی کار را فراهم کند. در این پژوهش با در نظر گرفتن مفهوم مهندسی عوامل انسانی سعی شده است تا مدل ریاضی زمانبندی شیفت کاری با هدف کمینه سازی خطاهای انسانی و افزایش قابلیت اطمینان نیروی کار ارائه شود. عوامل انسانی یادگیری، فراموشی، خستگی و استراحت از جمله عوامل مهم در افزایش یا کاهش خطای انسانی است که در مدل سازی حاظر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. مدل ارائه شده از نوع عدد صحیح غیر خطی است. برای بررسی مدل و مطالعه عوامل انسانی، مثالهای کوچک متعدد با پارامترهای انسانی مختلف در سه سطح وظایف آسان، متوسط و سخت حل گردید. برای حل نرم افزار لینگو مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که با تغییر پارامترهای انسانی برای وظایف مختلف ساختار شیفت کاری و استراحت تغییر می یابد. با افزایش سختی وظایف و کاهش سرعت یادگیری، تخصیص زمان های استراحت به شروع زمان کاری نزدیک تر می شود. با کاهش سختی کار و افزایش سرعت یادگیری شیفت کاری بهینه به سمت شیفت های کاری بدون استراحت نزدیک می شود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که برای بهینه سازی قابلیت اطمینان می توان از مدل ارائه شده استفاده کرد و سازمانها و شرکت ها می توانند با در نظر گرفتن نوع وظایف و پارامترهای انسانی نیروی کارشان زمانبندی بهینه ای تعیین کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimizing workforce reliability using shift scheduling

نویسنده [English]

  • mohammad akbari

چکیده [English]

Shift scheduling is one of the production planning processes that develop organization and workforces by providing optimized time table. In this study we tried to present mathematical model with minimization function of human errors regarding human factor engineering. Learning, forgetting, fatigue and rest are important factors which increase or decrease human errors and is modeled here. Provided model is nonlinear integer model. To investigate model and study human factors we solved small instances with different parameters in three categories: easy tasks, medium and hard tasks. To solve model we used LINGO software. Results indicated that shift schedules are different regarding different human parameters. With increasing difficulty of tasks and decreasing learning, rest breaks were closer to start of working shift. With decreasing difficulty of tasks and increasing learning, optimized schedule close to schedule without rest breaks. Also results showed that we can use the model to optimize human reliability, and organizations can define optimized shift schedules with considering task types and human parameters.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • shift scheduling
  • human factors
  • human error
  • workforce reliability
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